China Perspectives 2016/1 | 2016 Photo Essay: Deng Xiaoping’s Failed Reform in 1975-1976 Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/6890 DOI: 10.4000/chinaperspectives.6890 ISSN: 1996-4617 Publisher Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Printed version Date of publication: 1 March 2016 ISSN: 2070-3449 Electronic reference China Perspectives, 2016/1 | 2016, « Photo Essay: Deng Xiaoping’s Failed Reform in 1975-1976 » [Online], Online since 01 March 2017, connection on 10 October 2020. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/6890 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives. 6890 This text was automatically generated on 10 October 2020. © All rights reserved 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Photo essay Editorial Éric Florence A Photo Essay of a Failed Reform Beida, Tiananmen Square and the Defeat of Deng Xiaoping in 1975-76 David Zweig Articles Taishang Studies A Rising or Declining Research Field? Gunter Schubert, Lin Rui-hua and Jean Yu-Chen Tseng From Farm Tools to Electric Cars A Study of the Development of a Chinese Industrial Cluster: The Case of Yongkang in Zhejiang (1980-2010) Shi Lu and Bernard Ganne Current affairs Hopes of Limiting Global Warming? China and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change Anthony H. F. Li Beijing to Taipei, via Singapore From the 2015 Summit to the 2016 Taiwanese Elections Stéphane Corcuff Review essay The Reception of Victor Segalen in China Between Literature and Ideology Bai Yunfei Book reviews Lucien Bianco, La Récidive. Révolution russe et révolution chinoise (Recurrence: Russian Revolution and Chinese Revolution), Paris, Gallimard, Bibliothèque des Histoires, 2014, 528 pp. Marie-Claire Bergère China Perspectives, 2016/1 | 2016 2 Wenjing Guo,Internet entre État-parti et société civile en Chine (The Internet between the Party-State and Civil Society in China), Paris, L’Harmattan, 2015, 329 pp. Nicole Khouri Monique Selim,Hommes et femmes dans la production de la société civile à Canton (Chine) (The Role of Men and Women in Creating Civil Society in Guangzhou, China), Paris, L’Harmattan, 2013, 304 pp. Nicole Khouri Michael T. Rock and Michael A. Toman, China’s Technological Catch-Up Strategy: Industrial Development, Energy Efficiency, and CO2 Emissions, New York, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015, 274 pp. Jean-Paul Maréchal Emily T. Yeh, Taming Tibet: Landscape Transformation and the Gift of Chinese Development, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 2013, 344 pp. Valentina Punzi Zhaohui Hong, The Price of China’s Economic Development: Power, Capital, and the Poverty of Rights, Lexington, The University of Kentucky Press, 2015, 296 pp. Benoît Vermander Michel Hockx, Internet Literature in China, New York, Columbia University Press, 2015, 251 pp. Shuang Xu China Perspectives, 2016/1 | 2016 3 Photo essay China Perspectives, 2016/1 | 2016 4 Editorial Éric Florence ABSTRACTS For once, this issue of China Perspectives is not a special feature made of a collection of articles. We have decided on this occasion to publish a rare and previously unreleased document that narrates and illustrates the rivalries, struggles, and political campaigns that were carried out in Beijing from the summer of 1975 to the spring of 1976 and reached their climax with several demonstrations at Tiananmen Square within the first few days of April 1976. While the Ninth Party Congress in April 1969 aimed at officially legitimating the Cultural Revolution, Mao also wanted it to be the beginning of a reconstruction phase for the Party. Despite this desire for Party unity, in consideration of the political succession of an ever more isolated and increasingly physically fragile Chairman, the tensions at the top of the Party continued to intensify until the death of the Great Helmsman in September 1976. These tensions took the form of a series of political campaigns and public demonstrations on the capital's university campuses as well as on Tiananmen Square. While this period remains rather weakly documented in the political history of the People's Republic of China, it is nonetheless quite important for the understanding of the political dynamics of the late Mao era, particularly among the elites of the Communist Party as well as in the relationship between these elites and the Chinese population. (…) David Zweig, who has since become a renowned China specialist, was an eye-witness to these events. Hence, a few months ahead of the 40th anniversary of these demonstrations, the opportunity for China Perspectives to publish David Zweig's narrative, analysis, and photographs of this political drama was self evident. Plunging us into the unfolding of these crucial events of the end of the Mao era, these unique photos qualify as valuable political anthropology… China Perspectives, 2016/1 | 2016 5 A Photo Essay of a Failed Reform Beida, Tiananmen Square and the Defeat of Deng Xiaoping in 1975-76 David Zweig ABSTRACTS In mid-1975, Deng Xiaoping, with Mao’s blessing, initiated reforms that targeted the negative consequences of the Cultural Revolution. To bolster Deng’s effort, Mao endowed him with penultimate authority over the Party, government, and military. However, in late October, Mao turned on Deng, and within five months, Mao and the radicals toppled Deng from power. As a foreign student at Peking University, David Zweig observed and photographed four key points in this historic struggle: (1) the initial establishment of a “big character poster” compound at Peking University; (2) emotional mourning for Zhou Enlai in Tiananmen Square following his death: (3) the intensified assault on Deng in February 1976 in the posters at Peking University; and (4) the massive demonstration of support in Tiananmen Square on 3-4 April for the end of Maoist politics. INDEX Keywords: big character poster compound., Deng Xiaoping, end of the Cultural Revolution, factionalism, Peking University, Tiananmen Square, wreaths China Perspectives, 2016/1 | 2016 6 AUTHOR DAVID ZWEIG David Zweig is chair professor, Division of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and director of the Center on China’s Transnational Relations. He is senior research fellow of the Asia-Pacific Foundation, Vancouver, and vice president, Center on China and Globalization, Beijing.Academic Building 3386, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong ([email protected]). China Perspectives, 2016/1 | 2016 7 Articles China Perspectives, 2016/1 | 2016 8 Taishang Studies A Rising or Declining Research Field? Gunter Schubert, Lin Rui-hua and Jean Yu-Chen Tseng ABSTRACTS The study of Taiwanese entrepreneurs who live and invest on the Chinese mainland (Taishang) has only recently started to attract attention. Taishang have been referred to as a “linkage community” that connects Taiwan and the Chinese mainland through its economic undertakings, political influence, and social experiences as a migrant community. Against this background, this article clarifies the extent to which Taishang have contributed to and shaped the ongoing process of cross-strait interaction and the development of cross-strait policies. It revisits the field of Taishang studies, takes stock of the knowledge that this field has generated so far, and explores future directions for meaningful research. INDEX Keywords: cross-strait integration, cross-strait relations., Taishang, “linkage community” AUTHORS GUNTER SCHUBERT Gunter Schubert is chair professor of Greater China studies and director of the European Research Center on Contemporary Taiwan (ERCCT) at the University of Tübingen, Germany.Department of Chinese and Korean Studies, Institute of Asian and Oriental Studies, China Perspectives, 2016/1 | 2016 9 Tübingen University, Kepplerstr. 2, 72074 Tübingen, Germany (gunter.schubert@uni- tuebingen.de). LIN RUI-HUA Lin Rui-hua is an assistant professor at the School of Public Economics and Finance, Shanghai University of Economics and Finance.No. 777, Guoding Road, Shanghai, 200433, China ([email protected]). JEAN YU-CHEN TSENG Jean Yu-Chen Tseng is a postdoctoral fellow at the Department of Public Policy and Management at I-Shou University, Kaoshiung, Taiwan. No.1, Sec. 1, Syuecheng Rd., Dashu Township, Kaohsiung County 84001, Taiwan R.O.C. ([email protected]). China Perspectives, 2016/1 | 2016 10 From Farm Tools to Electric Cars A Study of the Development of a Chinese Industrial Cluster: The Case of Yongkang in Zhejiang (1980-2010) Shi Lu and Bernard Ganne Translation : Will Thornely ABSTRACTS It is now recognised that China’s industrial clusters have played a particularly significant part in the prodigious economic transformations the country has experienced since the launch of reforms at the end of the 1970s. By studying the case of Yongkang, a county-level city in Zhejiang Province specialising in the manufacture of metal products, this article aims to increase understanding of how this rural area with a tradition of small-scale metal production has become, over the course of a few decades, an industrial cluster built around specific operations, and which economic, social, and political approaches have made these transformations possible. INDEX Keywords: company, economy, governance, industrial cluster, market., Yongkang, Zhejiang AUTHORS SHI LU Shi Lu is an associate professor in Chinese studies at Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 and a researcher at IAO (Lyon’s Institute of East Asian Studies).Institut d’Asie Orientale, ENS-Lyon, 15 Parvis René Descartes, 69007 Lyon, France ([email protected]).