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............................................................................................ 66 ...................................................................................................................................... 68 3 Table 1: Water abstraction, demand and losses (MGD) in different sectors of Sialkot City (Source: CDIA, 2015 and The Urban Unit).................................................................................... 19 Table 2: Evapotranspiration (ETo: mm/day) of Sialkot (Ullah et al., 2001) ............................... 26 Table 3: Wastewater disposal stations and their pumping capacity (Source: CDIA, 2015 and The Urban Unit) ................................................................................................................................... 32 Table 4: Wastewater generation of Sialkot City (Source: CDIA, 2015 and The Urban Unit) ....... 32 Table 5: Results of drinking/domestic water quality analysis performed by Pak Medical Center (Source: Pak Medical Center; WWF, Site Office SKT) ................................................................. 38 Table 6: Water quality data from Sialkot (Ullah et al., 2009) ...................................................... 39 Table 7: Concentration levels of water quality parameters of surface water samples from Sialkot (Qadir et al., 2013) ........................................................................................................................ 42 4 Figure 1: Map of City of Sialkot highlighting main Union Councils of the city (Source: Urban Planning in Sialkot; PICIIP, 2010) ................................................................................................ 13 Figure 2: Average stream discharge of Nullah Aik and Palkhu (Source; Punjab Irrigation Department, 2007.) ....................................................................................................................... 14 Figure 3: Average rainfall (b) and temperature (a) of Sialkot (Qadir et al., 2008) ....................... 16 Figure 4: Water Supply system for all sectors in Sialkot (Source: CDIA, 2015 and The Urban Unit) .............................................................................................................................................. 20 Figure 5: Groundwater table depth, soil types to support seepage of water, recharge assessment and material found in aquifer of Sialkot (Khan et al., 2016) ........................................................ 24 Figure 6: Topography, hydraulic conductivity, aquifer material and DRASTIC based vulnerability of water in Sialkot (Khan et al., 2016) ..................................................................... 25 Figure 7: Land cover area of Sialkot depicting the evapo-transpiration concept (Khan et al., 2016) ............................................................................................................................................. 27 Figure 8: Reference evapo-transpiration for study area by Penman Monteith nd Hrgreaves method (Ullah et al., 2001) ........................................................................................................... 28 Figure 9: Catchment areas of disposal stations of Sialkot (Source: CDIA, 2015 and The Urban Unit) .............................................................................................................................................. 30 Figure 10: Sewerage network system of Sialkot (Source: CDIA, 2015 and The Urban Unit) ....... 33 Figure 11: Wastewater collection and drainage system of Sialkot ................................................ 34 Figure 12: Schematic presentation of water balance of Sialkot .................................................... 35 Figure 13: Location map of sampling sites for comprehensive water quality analysis of Sialkot (Ullah et al., 2009) .......................................................................................................................