Nisan(2014)5(1)7-21 Doi :10.15138/Fungus.201456196 26.12.2013 30.04.2014 Research Article Light and Electron Microscope Studies of Species of Plant Pathogenic Basidiomycota Isolated from Plants in Kıbrıs Village Valley (Ankara, Turkey) Tuğba EKİCİ1 , Makbule ERDOGDU2* , Zeki AYTAÇ 1 and Zekiye SULUDERE1 1Gazi University , Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Teknikokullar, Ankara-TURKEY 2Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Science and Literature , Department of Biology, Kırsehir-TURKEY Abstract: A search forbasidiomycetous plant parasites present in Kıbrıs Village Valley (Ankara, Turkey) was carried out during the period 2009-2010. Twenty-two basidiomycetous plant parasites were identified fromKıbrıs Village Valley . Morphological data obtained by light and scanning electron microscopy of identified fungi are presented. Key Words: Basidiomycota, Microstromatales, Uredinales, Ustilaginales, SEM. Kıbrıs'ın Köyü Vadisi'nde (Ankara, Türkiye) Bitkilerden İzole Edilmiş Bitki Patojeni Basidiomycota Türlerinin Işık ve Elektron Mikroskobu Çalışmaları Özet: Kıbrıs Köyü Vadisi' nde (Ankara, Türkiye) bulunan bazidiyumlu bitki paraziti mantarların araştırılması 2009-2010 yıllarında yapılmıştır.Kıbrıs'ın Köyü Vadisi' nde yirmi iki bazidiyumlu bitki parazititespit edilmiştir. Teşhis edilmiş mantarların ışık ve taramalı elektron mikroskobuna dayalı morfolojik verileri sunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Basidiomycota, Microstromatales, Uredinales, Ustilaginales, SEM Introduction currently placed in theMicrostromataceae , is The orderMicrostromatales with the represented by two species (Microstroma album single familyMicrostromataceae was erected for (Desm.) Sacc. and Microstroma juglandis species having simple-septate hyphae and local (Bérenger) Sacc.) in Turkey (Göbelez 1967). interaction zones without the formation of Rust fungi (Uredinales ) are one of the interaction apparatus. Haustoria or other largest natural taxa within the kingdom intracellular fungal organs are lacking (Begerow Eumycota. More than 7000 species belonging to et al. 2006). 100-125 genera and 14 families are accepted TheMicrostroma Niessl , the single genus currently. Corresponding author: [email protected] 7 Nisan(2014)5(1)7-21 The largest genus,Puccinia Pers., Materials and Methods contains ca. 4000 spp., 650 of which occur on Infected plant specimens were collected Poaceae (Abbasi 1996). Recently, Bahcecioglu from Kıbrıs Village Valley in Ankara province of & Kabaktepe (2012) listed species of rust fungi Turkey. The host specimens were prepared and their hosts in Turkey. 351 species of rust according to established herbarium techniques. fungi were registered on 778 species of high Host plants were identified using the Flora of plants from 325 genera of 63 families. Turkey and East Aegean Islands (Davis The orderUstilaginales comprises the 1965–1985). The fungal specimens were majority of smut fungi including the large genera isolated from the host plants by obtaining thin Ustilago(Pers.) Roussel and Sporisorium sections or scraping. For microscopic Ehrenb. ex Link. Most species of this group examination and microphotographs a Leica DM sporulate in the reproductive parts of their hosts E light microscope was used. Spores were (Begerow et al. 2006). About 30 species, measured using a Leica DM E light microscope. belonging to the generaAnthracoidea Bref. , Lenght and width of 20 spores were measured SporisoriumEhrenb. ex Link , Tolyposporium for each sample. Leica EZ4D stereo microscope Woronin ex J. Schröt., Tranzscheliella Lavrov was used for close-up photo of the uredinia andUstilago (Pers.) Roussel , have been and/or telia on leaf surface. The microfungi were reported from Turkey (Şahin and Tamer 1998; identified using relevant literature (Azbukina Kırbağ 2003; Bahçecioğlu et al. 2006; 2005; Kuprevich and Ulijanishchev 1975; Kabaktepe and Bahçecioğlu 2006). Ulijanishchev 1978; Ulijanishchev et al. 1985; This research was carried out in valley of Wilson and Henderson 1966). All specimens Kıbrıs Village belonging to Mamak district which examined were deposited in the mycological about 20 km southeast of Ankara province. collection of the Department of Biology, Faculty Kıbrıs Village Valley is situated in the of Science, Gazi University, inAnkara province of Irano–Turanian phytogeographic region and Turkey. according to the grid square system adopted by For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Davis (1965–1985), it is located in the squares 8–10- mm-square pieces of infected leaves were B4. The climate of the province is Mediterranean. mounted on the SEM stubs with double-sided Kıbrıs Village Valley is 1st degree field of natural adhesive tape. They were coated with gold using sites and its three area are 1st archaeological a Polaron SC 502 Sputter Coater and were site. examined with a Jeol JSM 6060 scanning As an aid in identification and electron microscope operated at 5-10 kV in the classification of fungi, the scanning electron Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Science, microscope (SEM) allowing the observation of Gazi University (Turkey). surface structures of various organs is becoming increasingly available (Udagawa & Hoire 1973). Results The discovery of additional features with the Twenty-two microfungi were identified in SEM has provided useful support for the research area. Morphological data which identification when crucial characters are not was obtained by light and scanning electron clear with the light microscope (LM). The aim of microscopy of these fungi was provided. The this study is to investigate micromorphology of author abbreviations of fungi are according to spores of basidiomycetous plant parasites Kirk and Ansell (1992). The systematics of taxa present in Kıbrıs Village Valley using SEM and were listed according to Index Fungorum LM. (www.speciesfungorum.org, accessed 2013). Family and species names are listed in alphabetical order in the text. 8 Nisan(2014)5(1)7-21 List of Taxa clavate, hyaline, 20-25 x 10 µm in size, bursting Basidiomycota out through the ruptured cuticle. Basidiospores Exobasidiomycetes one celled, fusiform to ellipsoid, guttulate, Microstromatales hyaline, 7.5-12.5 x 2.5-3.5 µm in size, wall Microstromataceae smooth (Fig. 1). Microstroma Niessl (1861) B4 Ankara: Kıbrıs Village, 39°52'7,7''N, 1-Microstroma album (Desm.) Sacc. 33°00'14,7''E, 1105-1115 m, roadside, stepe, on Leaf spots circular to angular, small, living leaves ofQuercus pubescens Willd. speckled with yellow. Basidium hypophyllous, (Fagaceae ), 24.09.2009, TE 1102. Fig.1.Microstroma album : a-Leaf spot;b-Basidium and basidiospores(SEM); c-Basidiospores (SEM);d- Basidiospores Pucciniomycetes 3-Melampsora euphorbiae (Ficinus & C. Pucciniales Schub.) Castagne Melampsoraceae Uredinia: amphigenous, generally Melampsora Castagne (1843) hypophyllous, rarely on the stems, yellow, 2-Melampsora salicis-albae Kleb. scattered, minute, surrounded by many capitate Spermogonia: generally hypophyllous, paraphyses. Urediniospores: yellow, globoid, rarely on the stems, lenticular, scattered. oblong, ellipsoid, 20-25 (-30) x (15-) 17.5-20 Uredinia: generally amphigenous, sometimes on (22.5) µm in size, wall densely echinulate, the stems, scattered or confluent, causing yellow hyaline. Telia: amphigenous, subepidermal, or orange spots on the leaves, paraphyses brown. Teliospores: cylindrical-prismatic, capitate, hyaline, 12-15 µm width. rounded at both ends, brown, 25-55 x 10-13.5 Urediniospores: yellow, globoid, oblong or µm in size (Fig. 2). pyriform, 20-27.5 x (15-) 17.5-20 (25) µm in size, wall densely echinulate. Telia: amphigenous, B4 Ankara: Kıbrıs Village, 39°52'7,7''N, subepidermal, dark brown. Teliospores: 32°00'14,7''E, 1050 m, steppe, on living leaves of prismatic, rounded at both ends, yellowish, (30) Euphorbia macroclada L. (Euphorbiaceae), 35-40 x 10-12.5 µm in size. 09.08.2009, TE 1088; A B4 Ankara: Kıbrıs B4 Ankara: Kıbrıs Village, Akçadere Village, Akçadere location, 1062 m, riverside, on location, 1100-1200 m,riverside, on living leaves livingleavesofEuphorbia stricta L. ofSalix alba L. (Salicaceae), 24.9.2009, TE (Euphorbiaceae ), 17.4.2009, TE 1049. 1112. 9 Nisan(2014)5(1)7-21 Fig. 2.Melampsora euphorbiae : a-General appearance;b-Uredinia(SEM); c,d-Urediniospores and paraphyses(SEM) Phragmidiaceae to cylindrical, 4- to 7 (mostly 5-6)-celled, rounded Phragmidium Link (1816) above with a hyaline apiculus 11-15 µm long, rounded at the base, not constricted or slightly 4-Phragmidium bulbosum (Fr.) Schltdl. constricted, 60-70 x 22.5-27.5 µm in size, wall Spermogonia: epiphyllous, in minute verrucose, 2.5-5 µm thick at the side, pedicel clusters, orange. Uredinia: hypophyllous, hyaline, 100-110 µm long, clavate in lower half, yellowish-brown, scattered or confluent, persistent (Fig. 3). pulverulent. Urediniospores: yellow, globoid, B4 Ankara: Kıbrıs Village, 39°52'4,9''N, oblong or ovoid, 17.5-22.5 (25) x 12.5-15 (17.5) 33°00'18,7''E, 1050-1090 m, riverside, shady µm in size, wall echinulate. Telia: hypophyllous, places, on living leaves of Rubus sanctus black, scattered or in groups, rounded, pulvinate, Schreb. (Rosaceae ), 24.09.2009, TE 1096. pulverulent. Teliospores: black, broadly ellipsoid Fig. 3.Phragmidium bulbosum : a-General appearance; b,c-Teliospores(SEM);d-Teliospore and urediniospore 10 Nisan(2014)5(1)7-21 5-Phragmidium mucronatum (Pers.) ellipsoid to cylindrical, 6- to 7-celled, not Schltdl. constricted, 85-100 x 32.5-37.5μm in size , wall Uredinia: amphigenous, pale orange, smooth or verrucose. The hyaline pedicel was scattered or