ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF CAMP DICK ROBINSON, GARRARD COUNTY, KENTUCKY By M. Jay Stottman With contributions by Matthew J. Davidson, Brian Mabelitini, Bruce L. Manzano, and Jack Rossen Kentucky Archaeological Survey Jointly Administered By: The University of Kentucky The Kentucky Heritage Council KAS Report No. 222 ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF CAMP DICK ROBINSON, GARRAD COUNTY, KENTUCKY By M. Jay Stottman With contributions by Jack Rossen Bruce L. Manzano C. Brian Mabelitini Matthew J. Davidson Kentucky Archaeological Survey Research Report No. 10 Jointly Administered by: The University of Kentucky Department of Anthropology and The Kentucky Heritage Council Lexington, Kentucky Report Prepared for: Mr. Daniel B. Davis Division of Environmental Analysis, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet 200 Mero Street, Frankfort, KY 40622 2013 Kentucky Archaeological Survey The Kentucky Archaeological Survey is jointly administered by the Kentucky Heritage Council (State Historic Preservation Office) and the University of Kentucky Department of Anthropology. Its mission is to provide a service to other state agencies, to work with private landowners to protect archaeological sites, and to educate the public about Kentucky=s rich archaeological heritage. Kentucky Heritage Council The mandate of the Kentucky Heritage Council is to identify, preserve, and protect the cultural resources of Kentucky. The Council also maintains continually- updated inventories of historic structures and archaeological sites and nominates properties to the National Register of Historic Places. By working with other state and federal agencies, local communities, and interested citizens, the Council seeks to build a greater awareness of Kentucky=s past and to encourage the long-term preservation of Kentucky=s significant cultural resources. Through its various programs (e.g., Main Street, Grants, Publications, Rural Preservation, Civil War Initiative, Conferences), the Council strives to show how historic resources contribute to the heritage, economy, and quality of life of all Kentuckians. University of Kentucky Department of Anthropology The University of Kentucky Department of Anthropology has a mission to educate students and promote scholarly research in the field of archaeology. The Department also is charged by state law with enforcing and administering the State Antiquities Act, which prohibits the destruction of archaeological sites on state and municipal lands. It maintains comprehensive inventory files and records on archaeological sites in the Commonwealth through the Office of State Archaeology, and supports the major state curation repository for archaeological collections (the William S. Webb Museum of Anthropology). ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet for the opportunity to work on this project. I am most appreciative of Eric J. Schlarb, Lori C. Stahlgren, Ronnie J. Hazelett III, Jason Hodge, Jason Ross, and Brian Mabelitini, for their diligent fieldwork. Thanks to Brian Mabelitini for analyzing the artifacts and for conducting background research. Thank you to Hayward Wilkerson for producing some of the graphics. Finally, a special thanks to Steve McBride, Kim McBride and David Pollack for editorial comments, and to administrative staff Ed Winkle and Barbara Gortman. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... iii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables .................................................................................................................... ix Chapter One: Introduction ..............................................................................................1 Previous Work .........................................................................................................1 KAS Investigations ..................................................................................................3 Summary of KAS Investigations .............................................................................3 Chapter Two: Background ..............................................................................................6 Garrard County ........................................................................................................6 The Civil War in Kentucky ......................................................................................7 Camp Dick Robinson (by C. Brian Mabelitini and M. Jay Stottman) .....................9 Background on Civil War Camp Features and Organization ................................14 Chapter Three: Methods .................................................................................................26 Field and Laboratory Methods ...............................................................................26 Analytical Methods ................................................................................................26 Chapter Four: Historic Materials Recovered (by C. Brian Mabelitini) ......................28 Architecture Group ................................................................................................28 Arms Group ...........................................................................................................30 Activities Group .....................................................................................................32 Clothing Group ......................................................................................................32 Hardware Group.....................................................................................................33 Kitchen Group ........................................................................................................34 Personal Group.......................................................................................................39 Transportation Group .............................................................................................41 Military Group .......................................................................................................41 Miscellaneous Group .............................................................................................42 Discussion ..............................................................................................................44 Chapter Five: Faunal Remains (by Bruce L. Manzano) ................................................45 Introduction ............................................................................................................45 Methods..................................................................................................................46 Results ....................................................................................................................48 Conclusion .............................................................................................................58 Chapter Six: Archaeobotanical Remains (by Jack Rossen, Ithaca College) ................59 Introduction and Background ................................................................................59 Methods..................................................................................................................60 Results ....................................................................................................................62 Discussion ..............................................................................................................68 iv Chapter Seven: Results...................................................................................................70 Surface Collection ..................................................................................................73 Metal Detection ......................................................................................................73 Shovel Probes.........................................................................................................74 Test Units ...............................................................................................................74 Features ..................................................................................................................74 CRA Features .........................................................................................................91 Chapter Eight: Interpretations ......................................................................................95 Artifacts..................................................................................................................95 Feature Function and Patterning ............................................................................98 Spatial Analysis of Features: Camp Organization ..............................................105 Sanitation .............................................................................................................111 Summary ..............................................................................................................113 Chapter Nine: Conclusions ...........................................................................................115 References Cited.............................................................................................................119 Appendix A: KAS Investigations at Site 15Gd89.....................................................