TP 14816 Transportation in Canada 2011 Comprehensive Review © Minister of Public Works and Government Services, Canada, 2012 Cat. No. T1-23A/2011E-PDF ISSN 1482-1311 Également disponible en français sous le titre « Les transports au Canada 2011 » taBLE OF CONTENTS 1. Letter from Minister .............................................................................................................................................. V 2. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................1 3. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................5 4. Transportation and the Economy ..........................................................................................................................7 4.1 Canada’s Economic Performance .................................................................................................................7 4.2 International Trade .........................................................................................................................................9 4.3 Demographics .............................................................................................................................................11 4.4 Financial performance of major transportation stakeholders .....................................................................11 4.5 Productivity of the transportation sector ........................................................................................................ 12 4.6 Energy Prices and Usage ...........................................................................................................................................12 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................15 5. Government Expenditures and Revenues from Transportation .......................................................................15 5.2 Air Expenditures ..........................................................................................................................................16 5.3 Marine Expenditures ...................................................................................................................................18 5.4 Rail Expenditures ........................................................................................................................................20 5.5 Road Expenditures ......................................................................................................................................22 5.6 Multimodal Expenditures ............................................................................................................................................................ 26 5.7 Government Revenues from Transportation ...............................................................................................27 6. Air Transportation .................................................................................................................................................31 6.1 Overview of Air Transportation ...................................................................................................................31 6.2 2011 Year in Review ....................................................................................................................................32 6.3 2007–11 Recap ...........................................................................................................................................34 6.4 Economic Framework and Infrastructure ....................................................................................................36 6.5 Environment ................................................................................................................................................41 6.6 Safety ..........................................................................................................................................................46 6.7 Security .......................................................................................................................................................51 7. Marine Transportation ..........................................................................................................................................55 7.1 Overview of Marine Transportation .............................................................................................................55 7.2 2011 Year in Review ....................................................................................................................................56 7.3 2007–11 Recap ...........................................................................................................................................58 7.4 Economic Framework and Infrastructure ....................................................................................................61 7.5 Environment ................................................................................................................................................67 7.6 Safety ..........................................................................................................................................................70 7.7 Security .......................................................................................................................................................73 2011Transportation in Canada III taBLE OF CONTENTS 8. Rail Transportation ...............................................................................................................................................77 8.1 Overview of Rail Transportation ..................................................................................................................77 8.2 2011 Year in Review ....................................................................................................................................78 8.3 2007–11 Recap ...........................................................................................................................................80 8.4 Economic Framework and Infrastructure ....................................................................................................82 8.5 Environment ................................................................................................................................................86 8.6 Safety ..........................................................................................................................................................88 8.7 Security .......................................................................................................................................................90 9. Road Transportation ............................................................................................................................................91 9.1 Overview of Road Transportation ................................................................................................................91 9.2 2011 Year in Review ....................................................................................................................................91 9.3 2007–11 Recap ...........................................................................................................................................93 9.4 Economic Framework and infrastructure ....................................................................................................96 9.5 Environment ..............................................................................................................................................107 9.6 Safety ........................................................................................................................................................110 9.7 Security .....................................................................................................................................................113 10. Transportation of Dangerous Goods ..............................................................................................................115 10.1 Overview of Transportation of Dangerous Goods .....................................................................................115 10.2 2011 Year in Review .................................................................................................................................115 10.3 2007–11 Recap .........................................................................................................................................116 10.4 TDG Issues ................................................................................................................................................116 11. Gateways and Corridors ..................................................................................................................................119 11.1 The Emergence of Strategic Gateways and Trade Corridors ....................................................................119 11.2 Supply Chain Performance Monitoring .....................................................................................................122 11.3 Transportation, Logistics and Global Value Chains: a Canadian Perspective