DETERMINANTS OF BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION THE CASE OF SODO WOREDA; GURAGE ZONE, ETHIOPIA WONDIMAGEGN ZEMEDKUN AMDETA ADVISER: - TEMESGEN TILAHUN (PhD) THESIS SUBMITTED TO HAWASSA UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, WONDO GENET COLLEGE OF FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES, GRADUATE STUDIES, HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, ETHIOPIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN RENEWABLE ENERGY UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT (RENEWABLE ENERGY UTILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT) OCTOBER 2019 ADVISORS’ APPROVAL SHEET SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES HAWASSA UNIVERSITY ADVISORS’ APPROVAL SHEET This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Determinants of Biogas Technology Adoption In the Case of Sodo Woreda; Gurage Zone, Ethiopia” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master's with specialization in Biogas Technology, the Graduate Program of the Department of Environmental Science, and has been carried out by Renewable Energy Utilization and Management Id. No R017/2010, under my supervision. Therefore I recommend that the student has fulfilled the requirements and hence hereby can submit the thesis to the department. __________________________ _________________ _____________ Name of major advisor Signature Date __________________________ _________________ _____________ Name of co-advisor Signature Date i EXAMINER’S APPROVAL SHEET SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES HAWASSA UNIVERSITY EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL SHEET-1 We, the undersigned, members of the Board of Examiners of the final open defense by Wondimagegn Zemedkun have read and evaluated his/her thesis entitled “Determinant of Biogas Technology Utilization In The Case of Sodo Woreda; Gurage Zone, Ethiopia.”, and examined the candidate. This is, therefore, to certify that the thesis has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree . _________________________________ ______________ _______________. Name of the Chairperson Signature Date _________________________________ ______________ _______________. Name of Major Advisor Signature Date _________________________________ ______________ _______________. Name of Internal Examiner Signature Date _________________________________ _____________ ________________. Name of External examiner Signature Date __________________________________ _____________ ________________. SGS Approval Signature Date ii Acknowledgement I would like to thank my advisors Dr. Temesgen Tilahun and Dr. Mikias Biazin for their unlimited professional guidance, constructive criticism during the study. I acknowledge the support and cooperation of my respondents. My profound gratitude goes to my Wonderful family for their financial and moral support throughout the study. While I am not able to mention each person individually, I am sincerely grateful to each person who contributed a lot to the success of this thesis. Finally, I also thank Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources; Hawassa University for the comprehensive provision of all the required logistics for the study. iii Table of Contents Approval Sheet .................................................................................................................... i Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................ iii Table of Contents .............................................................................................................. iv Abbreviations and Acronyms .......................................................................................... vii List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. List of Plates ...................................................................................................................... xi Abstract………………. .................................................................................................. xii CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................ 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................... 2 1.3. Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................ 4 1.3.1. General Objective ....................................................................................... 4 1.3.2. The Specific Objectives of the Study are: .................................................. 4 1.4. Research Questions .............................................................................................. 4 1.5. Significance of the Study ..................................................................................... 4 1.6. Scope tf the Study ................................................................................................ 5 1.7. Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................... 8 LITRATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................... 8 2.1. Global Energy Consumption ............................................................................... 8 2.2. Energy Resource and Consumption of Ethiopia ................................................ 10 2.3. Biogas technology .............................................................................................. 13 2.3.1. Biogas plant .............................................................................................. 16 2.3.2. History of Biogas Technology .................................................................. 17 2.3.2.1. Global overview of Biogas Technology Disseminations ............. 17 2.3.2.2. Biogas Technology in Ethiopia .................................................... 19 2.4. Awareness and Attitudes of Biogas Technology ............................................... 20 iv 2.5. Involvement of Government Institution and Non- Governmental Organization on Promotion of the Technology ....................................................................... 21 2.6. Technology adoption ......................................................................................... 21 2.6.1. Adoption process ...................................................................................... 21 2.6.2. Theory of Innovation Diffusion ................................................................ 22 2.7. Barrier to Adoption ............................................................................................ 23 i) Policy and Legal Barriers .............................................................................. 23 ii) Technical skill Barriers ................................................................................. 23 iii) Financial Barriers......................................................................................... 24 iv) Socio-Economic Barrier ............................................................................... 25 CHAPTER THREE .......................................................................................................... 26 MATERIALS AND METHODS ..................................................................................... 26 3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 26 3.2. Description of the study area ............................................................................. 26 3.2.1. Location of study ..................................................................................... 26 3.2.2. Population of the Study Area .................................................................. 28 3.2.3. Vegetation ............................................................................................... 28 3.2.4. Land Use and Socio –Economic Activities of the study area ................. 28 3.3. Research Design ................................................................................................ 29 3.4. Nature of Data .................................................................................................... 29 3.5. Data Collection Methods ................................................................................... 30 3.5.1. Questionnaires ......................................................................................... 30 3.5.2. Focus Group Discussion .......................................................................... 30 3.5.3. Key Informant Interview ......................................................................... 31 3.5.4.Field Observation ..................................................................................... 32 3.6. Selection of the Study Area ............................................................................... 33 3.6.1. Sample Size ............................................................................................. 33 3.6.2. Sample Population ..................................................................................