Consequence of sounds The consonants and vowels Péter Szigetvári Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest [email protected] GPRT 9, Budapest, 2013-04-20 1: vowel aeoiu 2: vowel as consonant (semivowel, glide) j w 3: consonant as vowel (syllabic consonant) r l n m s? t?? " " " " " " 4: consonant lnmvzfsbdgptk ◮ i : j = n : n ? " ◮ ⇒ three categories: V, transition (sonorant C), C? ◮ ⇒ syllabic consonants are vowels(?) vowel consonant z }| { z }| { aeoiu j w r l n m vzfsbdgptk | {z } | {z } | {z } syllabic possibly syllabic nonsyllabic vocalic consonantal syllabic aeoiu r l n m " " " " nonsyllabic j w rlnmvzsfbdgptk V r l mn O French, BE stressed →] ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ GA stressed, Serbo-Croat → →] ∗ ∗ ∗ Slovak → → →] ∗ ∗ English unstressed → → → →] ∗ Ci +“C i ” and “C i ”+Ci is okay yeast [j´Iist], beyond [bIj´Ond], woo [w´Uu], Kuwait [kUuw´Ejt], terrorist [t´ErrIst] (= [tErÄIst]?) " no Ci +C i canon *[k´ann], minimum *[m´InImm], parallel *[p´ar@ll] " " " C i #Ci is okay (no #C for independent(?) reasons) maple-leaf [m´Eipll`Iif], suddenness [s´@dnn@s] " " so [l n m] behave like consonants: they are syllabic consonants; but [r" ]" belongs" with [i] and [u] as vowels, not with syllabic consonants " [m n] after obstruents and [r] " " prism [pr´Izm], prison [pr´Izn], quorum [kw´o:rm], barren/baron" [b´arn] " " " [l] after any C but [l] " mortal [m´o:tl], morsel [m´o:sl], normal [n´o:ml], colonel [k´@:nl], moral [m´Orl]," loyal [l´oijl], narwhal" [n´A:wl] " " " " " [r] after any C but only before V or C " battery [b´atrIi], periphery [p@r´IfrIi], camera [k´amr@], general [ôEnr" l] burglary [b´@:glrI"i], literary [l´It@rrIi"]/[l´ItrrIi]/[l´ItrIi] "" " " "" " again only [r] doesn’t “see” the preceding C " sonority hierarchy? (obstruents ≪ nasals ≪ l) C1C 2 only if C1 ≪ C2 syllabic consonants in C {C,#} position P F M m 0 12 0 n" 444 3037* 0 l" 2487 545 212 " * only 680 without -tion/-sion words ◮ P = plosive ◮ F = fricative ◮ M = sonorant consonant source: http://seas3.elte.hu/epd/ but [rl], [rm], [rn], [jl], [wl]? " " " " " ⇒ [j], [w], [r] are “more consonantal” than [l], [m], [n] ⇒ [i] = [j], [r] = [r] " sonority hierarchy obstruents ≪ [j], [w], [r] ≪ nasals ≪ [l] ≪ vowels (contra sonority sequencing within syllables) conclusion 1 1: vowels [aeoiur=Ä] 2: syllabic consonants" [l n m] 3: glides [j w r] " " " 4: consonants [lnmfsvzbdgptk] [r] in SBE rack [r´ak], carry [k´arIi], but car [k´A:/r], card [k´A:/rd] just like [j w h] ([h] is even more picky) [r] in SBE " cigarette [sIgr´Et], camera [k´amr@], but terror [t´Er*r], comfort [k´@mf" *rt] " " unlike [i u] (and" [:]?) paradox the status of [r] remains uncertain " .