City of Greenville, South Carolina Architectural Inventory Edwards-Pitman Environmental, Inc. May 2003 PDF processed with CutePDF evaluation edition www.CutePDF.com City of Greenville, South Carolina Architectural Inventory Edwards-Pitman Environmental, Inc. Cynthia de Miranda Heather Fearnbach Clay W. Griffith Jennifer F. Martin Sarah A. Woodard Funded by The City of Greenville and The South Carolina Department of Archives and History May 2003 The activity that is the subject of this report has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, and administered by the South Carolina Department of Archives and History. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of the Interior. This program receives Federal financial assistance for identification and protection of historic properties. Under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, as amended, the U. S. Department of the Interior prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, disability or age in its federally assisted programs. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility as described above, or if you desire further information please write to: Office of Equal Opportunity, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington DC 20240. Acknowledgements The City of Greenville Architectural Inventory would not have been possible without the assistance of several individuals. Bradley Sauls, who served as the Survey Coordinator for the South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office during the project, offered excellent advice and technical assistance. Heather Colin, Zoning Officer and Local Coordinator for the survey, guided us through the local designation and design review process in Greenville and supplied us with excellent maps on which to record surveyed properties. The staffs of the South Carolina Archives Search Room and the South Caroliniana Library at the University of South Carolina delivered their assistance in a timely and friendly manner. We would also wish to recognize the librarians in the South Carolina Room at the Greenville County Library. Roger Wellington and his staff graciously provided their assistance during the research portion of this project. For several weeks during which Edwards-Pitman historians conducted research in the City of Greenville city directories, the library staff remained understanding of our need to monopolize multiple volumes. We also acknowledge the outstanding citizens of Greenville without whom this project would have been impossible. Many, many people provided historical information and directions to resources we might otherwise have overlooked. Cynthia de Miranda Heather Fearnbach Clay W. Griffith Jennifer F. Martin Sarah A. Woodard City of Greenville, South Carolina Architectural Inventory Table of Contents Figures and Plates 1 I. Introduction 2 II. Project Summary 3 III. Project Objectives 5 IV. Survey Methodology 5 V. Physical Description 8 VI. Historical Overview: A Brief History of Greenville 9 Early Occupation to the Civil War 9 Greenville as a New South City: Post Civil War Period to 1900 20 Greenville from 1900 to the End of World War II 30 Epilogue: The Post World War II Era in Greenville 41 VII. Brief Profiles of Greenville’s Historic Neighborhoods 43 VIII. An Analysis of Greenville’s Historic Architecture 55 IX. Bibliography 74 X. Previously Recorded Properties 80 XI. Data Gaps 81 XII. Recommendations 83 XIII. South Carolina Department of Archives and History National Register Evaluations 94 XIV. Appendix Inventory Report: The Roster of Surveyed Properties 99 City of Greenville, South Carolina Architectural Inventory List of Plates and Figures Plates Plate 1: Greenville County Courthouse Built in 1855 (No Longer Extant)..................... 14 Plate 2: 1906 Southern Railway Depot Designed by Frank Milburn, Architect (Demolished 1988).................................................................................................... 23 Plate 3: City Hall (built 1892) pictured in 1957 .............................................................. 33 Plate 4: Hotel Ottaray was Built in 1909 on North Main Street. The Hyatt Hotel is Located on its site ..................................................................................................... 35 Plate 5: The Greenville Senior High School was Built in 1938 by the WPA.................. 37 Plate 6: Modern Storefront in West End........................................................................... 38 Plate 7: Businesses on West McBee Avenue.................................................................... 40 Plate 8: Record Building Shown in the 1920s .................................................................. 58 Plate 9: Woodside Building in the Early Twentieth Century ........................................... 60 Plate 10: Textile Hall was Built in 1917 (demolished in 1992)....................................... 62 Plate 11: Lanneau-Norwood House on Belmont Street................................................... 63 Plate 12: Downtown Greenville in the Early Twentieth Century with Woodside Building in Background........................................................................................................... 65 Plate 13: The Poinsett Hotel was Constructed in 1924.................................................... 67 Plate 14: Modernist-Inspired House off Rutherford Road in the Northern Part of the City ................................................................................................................................... 72 Figures Figure 1: Greenville Map Showing City Limits ................................................................ 6 Figure 2: Original 1797 Greenville Town Plan, Courtesy of Greenville County Library .................................................................... 12 Figure 3: Pettigru Street Historic District (NRHP) showing existing boundaries and proposed expansions .......................................................... 83 Figure 4: Proposed East Park Historic District (NRHP)................................................... 86 Figure 5: Proposed Ware-McCall Historic District (NRHP)............................................ 86 Figure 6: Proposed Overbrook Historic District (NRHP)................................................. 87 Figure 7: Windshield Survey Area ................................................................................... 92 All photos by the authors unless otherwise indicated. 2 I. Introduction In the fall of 2002, the City of Greenville and the South Carolina Department of Archives and History engaged Edwards-Pitman Environmental, Inc., to conduct an intensive architectural survey of historic resources in Greenville. The project was funded by a Historic Preservation Fund grant from the United States Department of the Interior for which the City of Greenville provided matching funds. Heather Colin, Zoning Officer with the City of Greenville, served as local coordinator for the survey. A contract was executed on September 11 and an initial planning meeting was held at the Greenville City Hall on September 17. In attendance were Andrew Pitman, Nicholas Theos and Jennifer Martin representing Edwards-Pitman Environmental, Inc.; Brad Sauls of the South Carolina State Historic Preservation Office (SC SHPO), a section of the Department of Archives and History, Heather Colin, and Bryan Wood, Zoning Administrator for the City of Greenville. On October 15, the local coordinator conducted two meetings at the Greenville Public Library. The first was aimed to provide an overview of the survey to individuals in the city who devote their time and energy to preserving Greenville’s history. Among those in attendance were members of the Design and Preservation Commission including Lil Glenn and Robert Benedict, local historian Ann McCuen, and Ruth Ann Butler of the Greenville Cultural Exchange Center. In addition, Brad Sauls, Grants Administrator and Survey Coordinator with the SC SHPO, and Clay Griffith, Jennifer Martin, Andrew Pitman, Nicholas Theos, and Sarah Woodard, representing Edwards-Pitman Environmental attended the meeting. Following the meeting, a similar forum was held for the general public. Fieldwork took place from November 2002 through May 2003. Data for each resource surveyed was entered into the Department of Archives and History Survey Database in the late winter and early spring of 2003. In early 2003, historians for Edwards-Pitman Environmental conducted further research on the history of the city, prepared this final report, and mapped the surveyed properties on GIS maps supplied by the GIS Coordinator for the City of Greenville. The final products of the survey include this report entitled “City of Greenville, South Carolina: Architectural Inventory,” which contains an overview of the historical development of the city, a discussion of architectural styles represented in Greenville, a list of recommendations for National Register eligibility and local designation, and an inventory of all surveyed properties. Twenty copies of the report were produced; seven copies were delivered to the SC SHPO and thirteen copies were given to the City of Greenville. In addition two sets of original, archival-quality survey cards were produced for the properties recorded during this survey. One set is stored