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Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12784.html PREPUBLICATION COPY Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change America’s Climate Choices: Panel on Informing Effective Decisions and Actions Related to Climate Change Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Division on Earth and Life Studies This prepublication version of Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change has been provided to the public to facilitate timely access to the report. Although the substance of the report is final, editorial changes may be made throughout the text and citations will be checked prior to publication. The final report will be available through the National Academies Press by autumn 2010. THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS Washington, D.C. www.nap.edu Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12784.html THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, N.W. • Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under contract number DG133R08CQ0062. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsor. International Standard Book Number-XXXX International Standard Book Number-XXXX Copies of this report are available from the program office: Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 (202) 334-3512 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334- 3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu Copyright 2010 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America PREPUBLICATION COPY Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12784.html The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12784.html Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12784.html PANEL ON INFORMING EFFECTIVE DECISIONS AND ACTIONS RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE DIANA LIVERMAN (Co-Chair), University of Arizona, Tucson and Oxford University, U.K. PETER RAVEN (Co-Chair), Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis DANIEL BARSTOW, Challenger Center for Space Science Education, Alexandria, Virginia ROSINA M. BIERBAUM, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor DANIEL W. BROMLEY, University of Wisconsin-Madison ANTHONY LEISEROWITZ, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut ROBERT J. LEMPERT, The RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, California JIM LOPEZ*, Department of Housing and Urban Development EDWARD L. MILES, University of Washington, Seattle BERRIEN MOORE, III, Climate Central, Princeton, New Jersey MARK D. NEWTON, Dell, Inc., Round Rock, Texas VENKATACHALAM RAMASWAMY, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey RICHARD RICHELS, Electric Power Research Institute, Inc., Washington, D.C. DOUGLAS P. SCOTT, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Springfield KATHLEEN J. TIERNEY, University of Colorado at Boulder CHRIS WALKER, The Carbon Trust LLC, New York, New York SHARI T. WILSON, Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore NRC Staff: MARTHA MCCONNELL, Study Director LAUREN M. BROWN, Research Associate RICARDO PAYNE, Program Assistant DAVID REIDMILLER, Christine Mirzayan Science and Technology Fellow *Asterisks denote members who resigned during the study process to take policy-making positions in the federal government. PREPUBLICATION COPY v Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12784.html Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Informing an Effective Response to Climate Change http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12784.html Foreword America’s Climate Choices Convened by the National Research Council in response to a request from Congress (Public Law 110-161), America’s Climate Choices is a suite of five coordinated activities designed to study the serious and sweeping issues associated with global climate change, including the science and technology challenges involved, and provide advice on the most effective steps and most promising strategies that can be taken to respond. The Committee on America’s Climate Choices is responsible for providing overall direction, coordination, and integration of the America’s Climate Choices suite of activities and ensuring that these activities provide well-supported, action-oriented, and useful advice to the nation. The Committee convened a Summit on America’s Climate Choices on March 30-31, 2009 to help frame the study, provide an opportunity for high-level participation and input on key issues, and hear about relevant work carried out by others.