2 Geografski Opis Občine Vrhnika

2 Geografski Opis Občine Vrhnika

UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI PEDAGOŠKA FAKULTETA DIPLOMSKO DELO MAJA NAGODE UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI PEDAGOŠKA FAKULTETA Razredni pouk Poznavanje zgodovine prometa na Vrhniki v 4. in 5. razredu devetletne osnovne šole DIPLOMSKO DELO Mentorica: dr. Darja Kerec, doc. Kandidatka: MAJA NAGODE Ljubljana, avgust 2011 »Človek, ki skrbi za svoje staro znanje in hkrati nenehno pridobiva novo, lahko postane učitelj drugih.« (Konfucij) ZAHVALA Lepo se zahvaljujem mentorici dr. Darji Kerec za vse nasvete, napotke in izkazano pomoč pri izdelavi diplomskega dela. Zahvala gre tudi učiteljicam ter učencem 4. in 5. razredov osnove šole Ivana Cankarja Vrhnika, za izpolnjene anketne vprašalnike in uspešno izvedeni učni uri. Posebna zahvala gre mojim najdraţjim za potrpeţljivost, spodbudne besede in pomoč pri nastajanju diplomskega dela. POVZETEK Vrhnika leţi v osrednji Sloveniji, natančneje na jugozahodnem delu Ljubljanskega barja. Ponaša se s številnimi naravnimi in kulturnimi znamenitostmi, ki pričajo o bogati zgodovini tega »prečudnega« kraja. Mesto je zraslo na pomembnem prometnem kriţišču, kar je skozi različna zgodovinska obdobja vplivalo na njegov razvoj. Na tem območju je potekal vodni (čolnarjenje na Ljubljanici) kot tudi kopenski promet (tovorništvo, furmanstvo, ţelezniški promet). Redki, a pomembni ostanki so vidni še danes. V diplomskem delu je kratka geografska predstavitev občine, opis naravnih in kulturnih znamenitosti in zgodovinska predstavitev mesta. Večji poudarek je na predstavitvi različnih vrst transporta in prometnega poloţaja Vrhnike skozi različna zgodovinska obdobja. V empiričnem delu so grafično in opisno predstavljeni rezultati anketnega vprašalnika, s katerim sem ţelela izvedeti, kako dobro učenci 4. in 5. razredov poznajo vrste prometa in načine transporta, ki so se skozi različna zgodovinska obdobja pojavljala v njihovem domačem kraju. V zadnjem delu je predstavljen didaktičen del, ki je bil izveden v 4. in v 5. razredu. Učni uri sta potekali na terenu, in sicer po središču Vrhnike. Učenci so s pomočjo opazovanja zgodovinskih ostankov povezanih s prometom in reševanjem učnega lista, spoznavali razvoj domačega kraja v preteklosti. KLJUČNE BESEDE: občina Vrhnika, zgodovina prometa na Vrhniki, čolnarstvo, tovorništvo, prevozništvo, poštne kočije, ţelezniški promet ABSTRACT The town of Vrhnika is situated in central Slovenia, in the south-western part of the Ljubljana Moor. It boasts numerous natural and cultural sights which bear witness to the rich history of this »most exceptional« town. The town was growing next to an important crossroad, which influenced its development through various history chapters. Waterborne transport (boating on Ljubljanica River) and land transport (cargo transportation, cart driving, rail traffic) took place in this region. Rare and important remnants are still visible today. The diploma paper contains a short geographic presentation of the municipality, a description of natural and cultural sights and a historical presentation of the town. Special emphasis is placed on the presentation of the traffic situation of Vrhnika and on various transport types that were present in different history periods. The empirical part contains a graphic and textual presentation of the results of a questionnaire which shows how well do the pupils in the fourth and fifth class of grammar school know the transportation types and the means of transport that were used in their home town in different history periods. The final part presents the didactic part that was used in practice in the fourth and fifth class of grammar school. The two lectures took place in the field, that is in the town core of Vrhnika. The pupils were observing the historical remnants, connected to traffic, which helped them solve the exercise sheet and get to know the development of their home town through the history. KEY WORDS: municipality of Vrhnika, traffic history in Vrhnika, boating, cargo transportation, transportation business, post coaches, rail traffic KAZALO VSEBINE 1 UVOD ........................................................................................................................ 1 2 GEOGRAFSKI OPIS OBČINE VRHNIKA ................................................................. 3 3 NARAVNE ZNAMENITOSTI ..................................................................................... 7 3.1 Izviri Ljubljanice ...................................................................................................... 7 3.2 Kuclerjev kamnolom ............................................................................................... 9 3.3 Barje ..................................................................................................................... 11 4 KULTURNE ZNAMENITOSTI ................................................................................. 12 4.1 Sakralni objekti ..................................................................................................... 12 4.1.1 Cerkev Sv. Trojice ...................................................................................... 12 4.1.2 Cerkev Sv. Lenarta ..................................................................................... 12 4.1.3 Cerkev Sv. Pavla ........................................................................................ 13 4.1.4 Cerkev Sv. Miklavţa na Kurenu .................................................................. 13 4.2 Stavbna dediščina ................................................................................................ 14 4.2.1 Hiša Ivana Cankarja ................................................................................... 14 4.2.2 Stara pošta ................................................................................................. 14 4.2.3 Pri Črnem orlu ............................................................................................ 15 4.2.4 Sodnija ....................................................................................................... 16 4.2.5 Kašče ......................................................................................................... 17 4.3 Umetnostni spomenik Ivana Cankarja .................................................................. 18 4.4 Tehniški muzej Slovenije ...................................................................................... 19 5 KRATKA ZGODOVINA VRHNIKE .......................................................................... 20 6 PROMETNI POLOŢAJ VRHNIKE PO OBDOBJIH ................................................. 25 6.1 Prazgodovina ....................................................................................................... 25 6.2 Antika ................................................................................................................... 25 6.3 Srednji vek............................................................................................................ 27 6.4 Novi vek ............................................................................................................... 28 6.5 Sodobnost ............................................................................................................ 30 7 ZGODOVINA PROMETA NA VRHNIKI PO VRSTAH TRANSPORTA ................... 32 7.1 Čolnarjenje ali brodarjenje .................................................................................... 32 7.2 Tovorništvo in prevozništvo .................................................................................. 36 7.2.1 Tovorništvo ................................................................................................. 36 7.2.2 Prevozništvo ali furmanstvo ........................................................................ 36 7.2.3 Poštne kočije .............................................................................................. 43 7.3 Ţelezniški promet ................................................................................................. 44 7.3.1 Juţna ţeleznica .......................................................................................... 44 7.3.2 Lokalna ţeleznica ....................................................................................... 46 8 EMPIRIČNI DEL ...................................................................................................... 51 8.1 Opredelitev raziskovalnega problema ................................................................... 51 8.2 Cilji ....................................................................................................................... 51 8.3 Hipoteze ............................................................................................................... 51 8.4 Opis raziskovalne metodologije ............................................................................ 52 8.4.1 Opis vzorca ................................................................................................ 52 8.4.2 Opis tehnik ................................................................................................. 52 8.4.3 Postopek zbiranja in obdelave podatkov ..................................................... 52 8.5 Interpretacija rezultatov ........................................................................................ 53 8.5.1 Interpretacija rezultatov ankete ................................................................... 53 9 DIDAKTIČNI DEL.................................................................................................... 67 9.1 Učna priprava ......................................................................................................

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