CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT for the JACUMBA SOLAR ENERGY PROJECT, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA PDS2014-MUP-14-041 and PDS2014-ER-14-22-001 Lead Agency: County of San Diego Planning and Development Services Contact: Donna Beddow 5510 Overland Ave, Suite 110 San Diego, California 92123 Prepared by: Brad Comeau, MSc, RPA and Micah Hale, Ph.D., RPA DUDEK 605 Third Street Encinitas, California 92024 Approved by: ________________ Micah Hale, Ph.D., RPA Prepared for: Jesse Marshall NextEra Energy Resources 700 Universe Boulevard Juno Beach, Florida 33408 APRIL 2015 Printed on 30% post-consumer recycled material. Cultural Resources Report for the Jacumba Solar Energy Project PDS2013-MUP-14-041 and PDS2014-ER-14-22-001 NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATABASE (NADB) INFORMATION Authors: Brad Comeau, MSc, RPA and Micah J. Hale, PhD, RPA Firm: Dudek Project Proponent: NextEra Energy Resources 700 Universe Boulevard Juno Beach, Florida, 33408 Report Date: March 2015 Report Title: Cultural Resources Report for the Jacumba Solar Energy Project, San Diego County, California Type of Study: Phase I Survey and Phase II Archaeological Evaluation New Sites: CA-SDI-21492; CA-SDI-21493; CA-SDI-21494; CA-SDI-21495; CA-SDI- 21496; CA-SDI-21497; CA-SDI-21498; CA-SDI-21499; CA-SDI-21500 Updated Sites: CA-SDI-176; CA-SDI-4448; CA-SDI-4477; CA-SDI-7060; CA-SDI-7079; CA-SDI-20169; CA-SDI-20276; CA-SDI-20279; CA-SDI-20280; CA-SDI- 20282; CA-SDI-20283; CA-SDI-20284; CA-SDI-20285; CA-SDI-20286; CA-SDI-20287; CA-SDI-20300; CA-SDI-6119/19627; CA-SD-18765; USGS Quads: Jacumba Overextended South, CA/BC 1:24,000; T 18 S, R 8 E; Section 11. Acreage: 304 acres (APE); Permit Numbers: PDS2013-MUP-14-041 and PDS2014-ER-14-22-001 Keywords: Inventory; Extended Phase I Shovel Probing; Evaluation; distributional testing; lithic scatter; roasting pit; thermal feature; fire-affected rock; projectile point; groundstone; flakedstone tool; retouched flake; simple flake tool; formed flake tool; drill; biface; millingstone; human remains; debitage; quarry; radiocarbon dating; human remains; floatation; control unit; shovel test unit; shovel test pit; controlled surface collection; shovel scrape; mechanically excavated trench; geomorphology; open space preserve; not significant; not eligible; CRHR; County RPO; CA-SDI-176; CA-SDI-4448; CA-SDI-4477; CA-SDI-7060; CA-SDI-7079; CA-SDI- 20169; CA-SDI-20276; CA-SDI-20279; CA-SDI-20280; CA-SDI-20282; CA-SDI-20283; CA-SDI-20284; CA-SDI-20285; CA-SDI-20286; CA- SDI-20287; CA-SDI-20300; CA-SDI-6119/19627; CA-SD-18765; CA- SDI-21492; CA-SDI-21493; CA-SDI-21494; CA-SDI-21495; CA-SDI- 21496; CA-SDI-21497; CA-SDI-21498; CA-SDI-21499; CA-SDI-21500 8477 i April 2015 Cultural Resources Report for the Jacumba Solar Energy Project PDS2013-MUP-14-041 and PDS2014-ER-14-22-001 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 8477 ii April 2015 Cultural Resources Report for the Jacumba Solar Energy Project PDS2013-MUP-14-041 and PDS2014-ER-14-22-001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page No. NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATABASE (NADB) INFORMATION ....................... I LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................VII MANAGEMENT SUMMARY .................................................................................................. IX 1 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 1.1 Project Description.................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 Area of Potential Effects and Area of Direct Impacts ................................ 2 1.1.2 Indirect Impacts Area of Potential Effects .................................................. 2 1.2 Existing Conditions ................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1 Environmental Setting ................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Records Search Results ............................................................................. 22 1.3 Applicable Regulations ......................................................................................... 26 1.3.1 State Level Regulations ............................................................................ 26 1.3.2 San Diego County Local Register of Historical Resources ...................... 28 1.3.3 County of San Diego Resource Protection Ordinance (RPO) .................. 29 2 GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING SIGNIFICANCE ............................................31 3 RESEARCH DESIGN .....................................................................................................33 3.1 Integrity and Structure of Archaeological Deposits.............................................. 33 3.2 Chronological Placement ...................................................................................... 34 3.3 Settlement and Site Function ................................................................................ 36 3.4 Subsistence ............................................................................................................ 38 3.5 Prehistoric Quarrying ............................................................................................ 39 3.6 Prehistoric Thermal Features ................................................................................ 41 4 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT EFFECTS ..........................................................................43 4.1 Methods................................................................................................................. 43 4.1.1 Field Methods ........................................................................................... 43 4.1.2 Native American Correspondence and Participation ................................ 48 4.2 Results ................................................................................................................... 48 4.2.1 Inventory Results and Avoidance of Archaeologcial Sites through Project Design ............................................................................. 48 4.2.2 Results of the Distributional Evaluation Program of the Project ADI...... 57 Site Specific Evaluation of Historic Period Sites ................................................. 82 4.2.3 Laboratory Analysis .................................................................................. 86 4.2.4 Cultural Resources in the Gen-Tie Corridor ........................................... 108 8477 iii April 2015 Cultural Resources Report for the Jacumba Solar Energy Project PDS2013-MUP-14-041 and PDS2014-ER-14-22-001 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page No. 4.2.5 Summary of Cultural Resources Investigations in the Jacumba Solar Project Area ............................................................................................ 108 5 INTERPRETATION OF RESOURCE IMPORTANCE AND IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ......................................................................................109 5.1 Resource Importance and Management Concerns .............................................. 109 5.1.1 Integrity ................................................................................................... 110 5.1.2 Chronology ............................................................................................. 111 5.1.3 Settlement and Site Function: Lithic Quarrying and Roasting Pits ........ 113 5.1.4 Regional Comparison.............................................................................. 117 5.2 Resource Importance and Evaluation of Tested Sites ......................................... 120 5.2.1 Evaluation of CA-SDI-6119/19627 ........................................................ 121 5.2.2 Evaluation of CA-SDI-18765 ................................................................. 122 5.2.3 Evaluation of CA-SDI-21492 ................................................................. 122 5.2.4 Evaluation of CA-SDI-21493 ................................................................. 123 5.2.5 Evaluation of CA-SDI-21494 ................................................................. 123 5.2.6 Evaluation of CA-SDI-21496 ................................................................. 124 5.2.7 Evaluation of CA-SDI-21497 ................................................................. 125 5.3 Impact Identification ........................................................................................... 125 6 MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS—MITIGATION MEASURES AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS .....................................................................................127 6.1 Unavoidable Impacts .......................................................................................... 127 6.1.1 Mitigation Measures and Design Considerations ................................... 127 6.1.2 Off Site .................................................................................................... 127 6.2 Mitigatable Impacts ............................................................................................ 127 6.2.1 Mitigation Measures and Design Considerations ................................... 127 6.3 Effects Found Not to be Significant.................................................................... 128 7 REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................135 8 LIST OF PREPARERS AND PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONTACTED ...........................................................................147 9 RESOURCE MITIGATION MEASURES