EXTENSION Know how. Know now. EC130 2012 Guide for Weed Management in Nebraska with Insecticide and Fungicide Information ® Introduction The 2012 Guide for Weed Management in Nebraska with Insecticide and Fungicide Information is a valuable tool for anyone with responsibility for pest management in crop, pasture, range, turf, or aquatic environ- ments in Nebraska. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive publication that will enable the user to make sound weed control decisions based on unbiased, research-based information, and to carry out weed control activities in a safe and responsible manner. The second half of the title, with Insecticide and Fungicide Information, highlights of fungicide and insecticide tables for corn, soybean, and wheat. Each section has been enhanced with the addition of a fungicide or insecticide dictionary and a table listing approximate retail prices of insecticide and fungicide products. We seek to make improvements in the Guide for Weed Management each year. In addition to the enhance- ments to the insecticide and fungicide sections, we have included color pest identification keys and photos in each discipline. All sections have been revised to include new products, label updates, and recent research results. If you have other suggestions, please submit them to Lowell Sandell (see address on the Weed Management divider page). Information in the 2012 Guide is organized into broad topical categories, highlighted in the Table of Contents on page 1. The Index, beginning on page 2, will help you quickly locate the information you need. Inside the back cover are Web addresses for other resources that will help you make informed weed management decisions. This publication deals principally with herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides as aids for crop production. However, we encourage you to consider all the methods (cultural and biological) that can improve weed, disease, and insect control to increase the profitability and sustainability of your operation (see pages 9-14, 213, 229). The suggestions for pesticide use are based on research at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln Research and Extension Centers and elsewhere. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the University of Nebraska–Lincoln is implied. Always consult product labels for specific use recommendations and requirements. The 2012 Guide for Weed Management is also available online and will be updated throughout the year at http://www.ianrpubs.unl.edu/sendIt/ec130.pdf. Interactive “Weed Response to Herbicide” tables for turf and all the crops are on our website, http://weedscience.unl.edu. These tables allow you to sort efficacy by weed to quickly identify which products are most effective on the weeds in your field. Additional information on UNL weed science research, including reports from field trials and information on extension programs and presentations, is available online at http://weedscience.unl.edu. We encourage you to visit the websites for the entomology (http://entomology.unl.edu) and plant pathology (http://pdc.unl.edu) departments. Both websites contain valuable information on insect and disease biology, respectively, and recommendations for controlling pests in crops not listed in the 2012 Guide. We also encourage you to visit http://www.weedsoft.org for valuable tools including a Tank-Mix Calculator that will allow you to complete a load ticket online and print it and the Yield Loss Calculator that will help you determine when it is important to control weeds to protect yield. As always, we appreciate your feedback on what information you use most or what suggestions you might have for future editions. Comments may be shared with individual authors by phone or email. Contact information for each author is listed on the divider pages for Weed Management, Plant Disease Management, and Insect Management. To Order To order additional copies of the UNL Extension 2012 Guide for Weed Management in Nebraska with Insecticide and Fungicide Information (EC130) contact your local Extension office or the UNL IANR Publications Warehouse at (402) 472-9712. An order form is available online at the UNL Extension Publications website at extension. unl.edu/publications. Cost is $10 per copy. © The Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska. All rights reserved. Table of Contents Table of Contents Principles of Weed Management Total Vegetation Control ............................................132 Competitive Index and Competitive Load ............... 9 Trees and Shrubs ..........................................................133 Integrated Weed Management ................................... 9 Turfgrass .......................................................................134 Nonchemical Weed Control ....................................... 12 Weed Management in Conservation Tillage Noxious and Troublesome Weeds Systems ................................................................... 15 Noxious Weeds ............................................................137 Herbicide-Resistant Weeds ........................................ 16 Troublesome Weeds and Woody Plants ..................140 Weed Management in Herbicide-Resistant Crops .. 18 Volunteer Herbicide-Resistant Crop Control .......... 19 Herbicide Use Appendices Label Restrictions and Guidelines Human Safety and Time Until Herbicides are Rainfast ....................153 Environmental Stewardship Preemergence Herbicides Applied Post .............154 Human Hazards ........................................................... 20 Crop Growth Stage Limit/Preharvest Interval ..155 Environmental Considerations ................................... 21 Replant Options/Rotation Restrictions .............156 Minimizing Water Contamination ............................ 25 Forage and Grazing Restrictions — Herbicide Carryover and Residue Analysis ............ 25 Row Crop Herbicides ...................................168 Forage and Grazing Restrictions — Application Equipment and Practices Pasture and Range Herbicides ....................172 Reducing Drift .............................................................. 27 Classification of Herbicides ........................................173 Herbicide Application Terms ...................................... 27 Growth Regulator Herbicides ....................................175 Nozzle Selection ..............................................................28 Glyphosate Herbicide Comparison ............................177 Spray Boom Setup ........................................................ 30 Combination Herbicides .............................................179 Calibrating Sprayers .................................................... 33 Approximate Retail Price of Selected Herbicides ...183 Preparing Spray Solutions .......................................... 36 Restricted Use Herbicides ...........................................185 Tank-Mixture Compatibility .........................................37 Herbicide Dictionary ...................................................186 Herbicide and Fertilizer Compatibility .......................38 Spray Additives ............................................................ 39 Disease Control by Crop How to Spray a Field ......................................................43 Photos of Common Foliar Disease Symptoms .........212 Cleaning the Sprayer ................................................... 46 Fungicides for Field Crops ..........................................213 Individual Plant Treatment Techniques ......................51 Corn ................................................................................214 Soybean ..........................................................................216 Weed Control by Crop or System Wheat ..............................................................................219 Alfalfa ............................................................................ 52 Nematicides ...................................................................222 Chicory .......................................................................... 54 Approximate Retail Price of Selected Fungicides ....223 Corn ............................................................................... 55 Fungicide Dictionary ....................................................224 Dry Bean ........................................................................ 73 Ecofarming .................................................................... 76 Insect Control by Crop Garbanzo Bean ............................................................. 84 Photos of Common Insect Pests ..................................230 Melons and Cucurbits ................................................. 85 Insecticides for Field Crops .........................................229 Onion ............................................................................. 86 Alfalfa .............................................................................233 Potato ............................................................................. 87 Corn ................................................................................239 Sorghum ........................................................................ 90 Soybean ..........................................................................244 Soybean ......................................................................... 99 Wheat ..............................................................................250