INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE LANDSCAPE 2019 A European Perspective Report composition The full report is available at https://riscape.eu/riscape-report/ The printed version only contains the Main Report Main report (Introduction, Scope and Methods, Domain analyses, Conclusions, Appendix 1: Acknowledgments) Created by RISCAPE consortium, Edited by Ari Asmi and Jostein Sundet Appendices Appendix 2 RISCAPE Questionnaire Appendix 3 Environmental RI listing Appendix 4 Bio-medical RI listing & additional information Appendix 5 Physics RI listing Appendix 6 Energy RI listing Appendix 7 Astronomy and Astro-particle RI listing Appendix 8 Social sciences initiatives listing Appendix 9 CH, DH and Languages major research centres listing Appendix 10 e-infrastructure RI and initiative listing Interview data As the detailed interview response information also includes personal information (names, positions) of the RI operators responding to the questionnaire and interviews, the interview data is available only on request. Detailed requests for this material can be directed to [email protected] This report is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730974 The data moderator is Ari Asmi (University of Helsinki). ISBN 978-951-51-5696-9 (nid.) Commentaries, corrections or questions ISBN 978-951-51-5697-6 (PDF) Please direct comments on the Report and its appendices to DOI 10.5281/zenodo.3539254 [email protected] RISCAPE team University of Helsinki, INAR, Finland University of Turku, Finland Futures Research Centre, EGI (EGI) https://www.helsinki.fi/ Finland https://www.egi.eu https://www.utu.fi/ Ari Asmi ([email protected]) Gergely Sipos Mika Rantanen Mikkel Knudsen Roberta Piscitelli Marianna Ferreira-Aulu Elizaveta Shabanova-Danielyan European Social Survey ERIC (ESS ERIC) Weiqing Wang Independent editor https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org Jyrki Luukkanen Jari Kaivo-oja Jostein Sundet Lorna Ryan Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON) RISCAPE Stakeholder Panel members Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS ERIC) https://www.astron.nl https://www.icos-ri.eu Maria Uhle Carla Baldovin Carthage Smith Emmanuel Salmon Marjan Timmer Laurent Ghys Rob van der Meer Glenn Moloney Rene Vermeulen Simon Lin The European Clinical Research Infrastructure Network Rafael De Andrés Medina (ECRIN) Ronald Stark https://www.ecrin.org/ Consortium of European Social Science Data Archives Algis Krupavicius (CESSDA ERIC) Antonio Sgamellotti Christine Kubiak https://www.cessda.eu Robert McGreevy Serena Battaglia Jostein Sundet Ivana Versic Mark J. Dietrich The Institute Laue-Langevin (ILL) https://www.ill.eu/ Servizi Didattici e Scientifici per l’Università di Firenze (PIN) Miriam Förster https://www.pin.unifi.it Julie Dupré Hannah Walter Franco Niccolucci William G. Stirling (external) Kurt Clausen (external) INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE LANDSCAPE 2019 A European Perspective CONTENT 06 Introduction 38 6. Energy research 68 10. e-Infrastructures infrastructures 07 1. Framing and scope of 76 11. Conclusions and the report 48 7. Astronomy and General findings Astroparticle research 10 2. Methodology 80 Appendix 1: infrastructures Acknowledgements 14 3. Environmental 54 8. Social Sciences research infrastructures research infrastructures 22 4. Health and food 62 9. Cultural Heritage, research infrastructures Digital Humanities and 30 5. Physical sciences Languages research research infrastructures infrastructures Additional appendices including contact information of the identified RIs are available at https://riscape.eu/riscape-report/ Infrastructures (ESFRI) was founded in 2002, helping in formalising Although large scientific facilities are developed around the world, and establishing deep and committed collaboration for expensive the information about them is not usually found in one place. Thus, but critical Research Infrastructures, where they were needed, in all a consistent analysis of the landscape is needed. Such landscape INTRODUCTION fields of science. analysis can give insights into what the current cover of research support structures is on e.g. a given scientific domain, service type, Research Infrastructures (RIs) is a key element of modern research. ESFRI develops a common European strategy and process for or geographical area. More detailed analysis can also shed light Scientists, research groups and even institutions are no longer Research Infrastructure development and creation, and oversees on operational details, ways to follow scientific impacts, funding always able to provide the tools needed for modern-day research the operations of the European major RIs throughout their lifecycle. models and many other features of such facilities, which can lead to goals. However, creation of Research Infrastructures requires This process has been particularly successful in coordinating Europe- better understanding of collaboration and alignment possibilities for significant investments and special competences, leading to the wide collaborations of smaller facilities towards common distributed researchers, research infrastructures, and science funding bodies. need for national and multinational collaborations creating shared RIs with sustained funding and service models, making it possible to The RISCAPE landscape analysis tries to address many of these and collaborative research facilities. In Europe, this challenge create globally important RIs in the scientific disciplines where they questions. was identified relatively early with the creation of the European were not available before. RIs are no longer a special tool only for Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in the mid-1950s for traditional hard sciences. The RISCAPE analysis has provided new insights on the global particle physics research, and ESO (European Southern Observatory) landscape and the operations, services and organisation of RIs for astronomy in the early 1960s. Both of these large Research Many, or even most, of the scientific problems, and their ofen- globally, but the work faced several challenges. The scoping of the Infrastructures needed investment beyond the scale of individual associated societal challenges, are not specific to countries or landscape goals led to a concentration on larger, more established countries and proved joint investments for common research goals. regions. Science by its nature thrives on international collaboration. research facilities – of the same level and general type as ESFRI In Europe, this creation of common facilities also supported the Similarly, RIs are typically national or regional, but the need for such initiatives. This means that many interesting and potentially initiation of a joint European Research Area, and set the example facilities reaches far beyond the national borders. In some fields of relevant, e.g. smaller or commercial facilities are not necessarily of joint funding, shared resources and facilities for other fields of science, there is a history of global joint planning of RI development covered within this analysis. This concentration enabled the use of sciences to follow. To support creation of other similar European- and sharing of facility access across the borders, leading to increased more detailed information collection, in the form of an organised scale science facilities, the European Strategic Forum for Research scientific productivity and cost-efectiveness. In some other fields, interview of RI operators, which revealed a much more complete much work is still needed to facilitate alignment and collaboration of view of the facilities involved. At the same time, such methods RI. The first step towards these goals is to establish a knowledge base also required direct contact with the RIs, which was not always about the current status of the global facilities - a motivation for a successful. The analysis also has an intentionally European (and global landscape analysis of the major research infrastructures. ESFRI RI) viewpoint, which will of course influence the types of facilities involved, and the information collected. From this Recently, several European initiatives have worked on creating perspective, the RISCAPE analysis can be considered internally an inventory of European facilities. The ESFRI landscape analysis consistent and indicative, but not a complete view of the global RI concentrated on the largest, European or global scale, RIs. The MERIL landscape. Product of RISCAPE project. The project has received funding from the European projects mapped mostly the smaller but still important facilities in Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 730974 Europe. Several scientific areas (or domains) have also undertaken This report is based upon the eight domain reports that have the task of mapping facilities specific for their needs. However, going systemised the findings of the international mapping of their This report and its contents are provided as a contribution to the outside of European facilities and viewing the overall availability of domains. In chapter 1 the landscape report first describes the ongoing investigation of the global research infrastructure landscape. Research Infrastructures globally has been much less studied, with framing and scope and the point of view used when drawing the Every efort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication; however complete