Report No. 841a-.ZA CiRCULATING CJPY RepubilcRep ublio. ofo Zambia TO BE RETURNED TO REPORTSg DESK COPY Agricultural and Rural Sector SurveyS- (In Three Volumes) RETURN TO Volume Il: Annexes 1-11 REPORwmr DESK Public Disclosure Authorized October 20, 1975 wrrHN| General Agriculture Division ONE WEEK Eastern Africa Regional Office :W Not for Public Use Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of th?ir official duties. its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS US$1 = Kwacha 0.64 Kwacha 1 (K1) = US$1.56 Ngwee (n) 100 = Kwacha 1 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 hectare (ha) = 2.471 acres .1 square. kilometer (km2) = 100 ha = 247 acres = 0.386 square miles 1 kilometer (km) = 0.621 miles 1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2 lbs 1 metric ton (t) 2,204.6 lbs 1 liter (1) = 2.116 US pints 1 bag maize = 90 kg 1 bag groundnuts 80 kg ABBREVIATIONS AFC - Agricultural Finance Corporation CIMMYT - International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (Centro Interracional de Mejoramiento de Ma±z et Trigo) CSB - Cold Storage Board IDZ - Intensive Development Zone LANDSAT - Satellite undertaking program of land resource photography (formerly ERTS) MLNR - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources MRD - Ministry of Rural Development NAMB - National Agricultural Marketing Board SNDP - Second National Development Plan (1972-76) RGA - Rural Growth Area RGC - Rural Growth Center RRP - Rural Reconstruction Program TAZARA - Tanzania-Zambia Railway UNIP - United National Independence Party ZNS - Zambia National Service This report is based on the findings of two missions which visited Zambia in September/October and November/December 1974 composed of Messrs. J.H. 6 Cleave, C.R. Blitzer, H.M. Kim, W.A. McCleary, Miss F.F. Johansen, Messrs. G.B. Nkojo, J.F.A. Russell, and M.A. Wolf (of the Bank) and Messrs. R. Ambroggi (UNDP), W.O. Jones, R.C.E. Kapteyn, J.C.D. Lawrance (MOD), and E.H. McCauley (Consultans). ZAMBIA AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL SECTOR SURVEY VOLUME II TABLE OF CONTENTS ANNEX 1 - Comparative Data: Zambia and Other African Territories (1973) ANNEX 2 - Ecological Zones and Rural Growth Areas: Potential and Projects Appendix I: The Chitemene Systems ANNEX 3 - Migration and Rural Transformation ANNEX 4 - Recent Performance in the Agricultural Sector ANNEX 5 - Estimates of Demand and Supply for Food Products Appendix I: Derivation of Demand Projections Appendix II: Sources of Incremental Production ANNEX 6 - Organization for Rural Development Appendix I: The Decentralized Situation Appendix II: Distribution of Higher Grade Staff Appendix III: Distribution of Planning, Financial and Personnel Staff Appendix IV: Manpower: Serenje District, 1972 Appendix V: The Integration of Central Ministries Appendix VI: Decentralization of Building Staff and Stores ANNEX 7 - Agricultural Services Appendix I: Organization of the Ministry of Rural Development ANNEX 8 - Agricultural Markets and Prices Appendix I: Estimates of Production, Consumption and Sales Appendix II: Pre-Independence Trade Appendix III: Zambian Market Places in 1974 Appendix IV: Border Prices and the Pricing of Major Agricultural * Commodities ANNEX 9 - Incentives to Commercial Farmers ANNEX 10 - Rural Small-Scale Industries in Zambia ANNEX 11 - Land Tenure.and Rural Development ZAMBIA AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL SECTOR SURVEY CQFA]ARATIVE DATA: ZAMBIA AND OTHER AFRICAN COUNTRIES (1973) 1 ~~~Population Populatiol/ Ar PopaDensity GNP?-' GNP Per CapitaY Total Food Imports as Total Urba ('000 (person/ Total Agric. as 5 Total Agricultura 2 31 Importsl./ percent of (o0o)i lp722) k2) (US$ '000) of Total (lis$) (us$) 1973 Total Imports (us$ '000) 1975 V Botswana 641 13 600 1.1 148,420 28.3 248 75.5 152 ,olg/ 9 .)(72) Burundi 3,580 2 28 127.9 286,780 62.4 72 51.1 31,380 n.a. Ethiopia 26,080 11 1,222 21.3 2,507,160 54.7 S9 59.1 218,070 4.5(72) Kenya 12,480 10 583 21.4 2,248,790 31.4 182 62.9 586,140o 6.9 Le sotho 977 1 30 32.6 96,980 n.a. 95 n.a. 61,780627.2(72) Malawi 4,833 6 118 41.0 525,030 46.o 109 53.2 111,340 8.1(72) Nigeria 71,262 23 924 77.1 6,530,130 35.3 152 42.0 811,1206., 8.1(71) Rhodesia 5,900 n.a. 389 15.2 1,972,2702J 15.8 337! n.a. 404,420L-6- n.a. Rwanda 3,980 3 26 153.1 267,140 63.4 69 44.0 34,480 9.5(72) Somalia 3,024 n.a. 638 4.7 258,o50 n.a. 87 n.a. 113,890 20.8 Sudan 17,051 13 2,500 6.8 2,o67,53LY/ 38.2 127 53.1 97,920 8.5 Swaziland 459 8 17 27.0 138,360 33.0 257 / 107.9 n.a. n.a. Tanzania 13,973 7 945 14.8 1,711,440 39.5 125 52.2 447,160J 5.6 tJganda 10,829 .7 236 45.9 1,715,570 52.7 123 89.9 97,340Ž! 6.2 Zaire 19,606 25 2,345 8.4 3,129,000 13.9 110 29.6 786,600oo 13.7(Y'0) Zambia 4,646. 34 753 6.2 1,948,070 7.6 380 48.5 536 120P/ 9.2 All population figures are as of mid-year 1973. GNP at current market prices. The percentage of Agriculture to GDP has been applied to the total GNP figures for each country in order to derive estimates of Agriculture's share of GNP. Agricultural GDP divided by the rural population. • SITC Classification "O", Food and Live Animals. 5/ SITC Classification "O" and "I". Data refer to 1972. Source: W. Tims (IBRD memo) of March 20, 1975 on National Accounts Statistics of Bank Member Countries--"World Table I". b UN Demographic Yearbook, 1973. The World Bank Group, Trends in Developing Countries (Washington, LDOC. 1973); Table 1.1. The World Bank Group, Atlas 1974. i IMF, International Financial Statistics April 1975. J UN Yearbook of International Trade Statistics 1972-3. IBRD Report on the Economy of Botswana, 1974, Table 2.2 (text). Eastern Africa~-Community-Annual-Trade--Report of Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya, 1973. Economic Commission for Africa, Statistical Yearbook, 1973. J Zambia, CSO, Monthly Digest of Statistics, July 1974. July 21, 1975 ANNEX 2 Page i ZAMBIA AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL SECTOR SURVEY ECOLOGICAL ZONES AND RURAL GROWTH AREAS: POTENTIAL AND PROJECTS Paragraph(s) Ecological Zones, Agro-Economic Regions 1 - 2 Ecological Zones and Their Farming Systems 3 The Northern High Rainfall Zone 4 - 7 The-Western Semi-arid Plains 8 - 10 The Central, Southern and Eastern Plateaus 11 The Luangwa-Zambezi Rift Valley 12 The Agro-Economic Regions 13 - 15 Rural Growth Areas (RGAs) 16 - 22 The Rural Reconstruction Program 23 RGAs, IDZs and Provincial Plans 24 - 27 Agricultural Programs 28 The Northern Plateau Region 29 Development Framework 30 - 31 Potential for Perennial Tree Crops 32 - 34 Potential for Annual Crops 35 Summary of Project Possibilities 36 - 40 The Western Kalahari Region 41 Development Framework 42 Project Development 43 - 45 The Central Line-of-Rail Region 46 Development Framework 47 Sugar 48 Wheat 49 Fruit and Vegetables 50 Small-scale Tobacco 51 Smallholder Development Schemes 52 - 53 Peri-Urban Development 54 - 56 Gwembe Valley Development 57 The Eastern Region 58 Development Framework 59 - 60 Area Development: Summary 61 Table 2.1: Major Ecological Zones Appendix I: The Chitemene Systems Appendix II: A Note on the Rural Reconstruction Program ANNEX 2 Page 1 ZAMBIA AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL SECTOR SURVEY ECOLOGICAL ZONES AND RURAL GROWTH AREAS: POTENTIAL AND PROJECTS Ecolpgical Zones and Agro-Economic Regions 2 1. Zambia covers an area of 750,000 km , and with a2population of only 4.7 million has a population density of only 6 per km , and a rural population of about 3.6 per km2. Although it has only limited areas of good soils, it has a reliable 4-5 months rainy season over most of the coun-- try, and thus has the ecological potential not only to feed itself but also to be a net exporter of agricultural produce. For various reasons, particu- larly government policies, rather low resource allocation to agriculture, and organizational and institutional problems, Zambia is not even self- sufficient in food. 2. Zambia can be broadly divided into four major ecological zones, each with distinctive physical characteristics. The potential of any area for agricultural development depends, however, not only on its physical resources, but also on economic considerations, particularly of location and access. In this annex, therefore, the ecological zones and their exist- ing agriculture are first described and the agricultural potential of Zambia is then outlined against a background of agro-economic regions which take account of both physical and economic factors. Ecological Zones and their Farming Systems 3. The four main ecological zones are'shown in Table 2.1 and on Map IBRD 11631. ANNEX 2 Page 2 Table 2.1: Major Ecological Zones Area '000 Rural Population '000 sq km Population per sq km i) The Northern High Rainfall Zone 350 1220 3.4 ii) The Western Semi- arid Plains 208 500 2.4 iii) The Central, Southern and Eastern Plateaus 94 810 8.6 iv) The Luangwa-Zambezi Rift Valley 101 230 2.3 753 1760 3.6 4. The Northern High Rainfall Zone. This area, which comprises the major parts of Northern, Luapula, Copperbelt and North Western Provinces is characterized by higher rainfall than the rest of Zambia (1000-1500 mm on average all falling between November and April) and generally poor leached sandveldt soils.