The Resurgence of East Asia 500, 150 and 50 year perspectives Edited by Giovanni Arrighi, Takeshi Hamashita and Mark Selden The Resurgence of East Asia East Asian expansion since the 1960s stands out as a global power shift with few historical precedents. The Resurgence of East Asia examines the rise of the region as one of the world’s economic power centers from three temporal perspectives: 500 years, 150 years and 50 years, each denoting an epoch in regional and world history and providing a vantage point against which to assess contemporary developments. The three perspectives each have something valuable to offer to the understanding of the present rise of East Asia and the modern world system, and their combination offers a contrast to the national and global studies that have recently dominated the literatures of development and globalization. In offering a comprehensive understanding of the present East Asian dynamic in light of the region’s historical heritage, the authors present several alternative hypotheses about the ongoing East Asian renaissance, whose plausibility remains to be assessed in the light of unfolding evidence. This collection is a valuable resource for students of Asian and world history, international politics, comparative and historical sociology and Asian studies. Giovanni Arrighi is Professor of Sociology at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. His latest books are The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power and the Origins of Our Times (1994) and Chaos and Governance in the Modern World System (1999, with Beverly J. Silver). Takeshi Hamashita is Professor of History at the Institute for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University and the Institute of Oriental Culture, Tokyo University. He is co-author of the six-volume Japanese work, Maritime Asia (2001) and numerous works on the political economy of East Asia. Mark Selden is Professor of Sociology at Binghamton University and Pro- fessorial Associate, East Asia Program, Cornell University, New York. His recent books include, Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance (with Elizabeth J. Perry) and Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power (with Laura Hein). First published 2003 by RoutledgeCurzon 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by RoutledgeCurzon 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. RoutledgeCurzon is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group © 2003 Giovanni Arrighi, Takeshi Hamashita and Mark Selden selection and editorial matter; individual chapters, the contributors. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The resurgence of East Asia : 500, 150 and 50 year perspectives / edited by Giovanni Arrighi, Takeshi Hamashita, and Mark Selden. p. cm. – (Asia’s transformations) Includes bibliographical references and index 1. East Asia–Economic conditions. 2. East Asia–Commerce. 3. East Asia–Economic integration. I. Arrighi, Giovanni. II. Hamashita, Takeshi, 1943– III. Selden, Mark. IV. Series. HC460.5 .R475 2003 330.95'03–dc21 2002153863 ISBN 0-203-57416-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-33823-5 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-31636-7 (hbk) ISBN 0-415-31637-5 (pbk) Contents List of figures ix List of tables x Notes on contributors xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction: the rise of East Asia in regional and world historical perspective 1 GIOVANNI ARRIGHI, TAKESHI HAMASHITA AND MARK SELDEN 1 Tribute and treaties: maritime Asia and treaty port networks in the era of negotiation, 1800–1900 17 TAKESHI HAMASHITA 2 A frontier view of Chineseness 51 PETER C. PERDUE 3 The East Asian path of economic development: a long-term perspective 78 KAORU SUGIHARA 4 Women’s work, family, and economic development in Europe and East Asia: long-term trajectories and contemporary comparisons 124 KENNETH POMERANZ 5 The importance of commerce in the organization of China’s late imperial economy 173 GARY G. HAMILTON AND WEI-AN CHANG viii Contents 6 Japan, technology and Asian regionalism in comparative perspective 214 PETER J. KATZENSTEIN 7 Historical capitalism, East and West 259 GIOVANNI ARRIGHI, PO-KEUNG HUI, HO-FUNG HUNG AND MARK SELDEN Index 334 Figures I.1 Sino-centric world and inter-regional relations in Asia 6 1.1 Maritime zones of Asia 18 1.2 East and West maritime routes 22 1.3 Treaty ports and opened cities in East Asia in the 1880s 32 1.4 Trading points along the Sino-Korean border 33 3.1 The industrial revolution and the industrious revolution 83 3.2 The Ishikawa curve 85 3.3 The survival of traditional industry 91 3.4 The choice of industrial structure 97 3.5 Global Lorenz curve (thirty countries) in 1870 and 1950 103 3.6 Global Lorenz curve (199 countries) in 1950 and 1990 104 7.1 The snowballing effect in the rise of East Asia 302 Tables 1.1 China’s trade with Korea, 1883–1910 45 3.1 World economic performance, 1500–1995 78 3.2 Relative economic performance: the West versus Asia, 1820–1992 79 3.3 Per capita GDP in selected countries, 1820–1992 (1990 US$) 80 3.4 Estimates of rice yields in Japan and other Asian countries 86 3.5 Land rent in different countries of the world circa the First World War 102 3.6 The rate of Asia’s urbanization in comparative perspective 112 5.1 Estimates of the important commodities in China’s internal trade in 1840 179 5.2 Exports of Chinese native cloth, 1871–1930 200 7.1 Regional shares of world GNP (and population) 303 7.2 Regional GNPPC as a percentage of “world” GNPPC 304 7.3 Breakdown of East Asian GNPPC as a percentage of “world” GNPPC 305 7.4 Regional shares of “world” value added in manufacturing 306 7.5 Current account surplus or deficit 307 7.6 Regional shares of the ten largest official foreign exchange reserves 308 Notes on contributors Giovanni Arrighi is Professor of Sociology at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. His latest books are The Long Twentieth Century: Money, Power and the Origins of Our Times (1994) and Chaos and Gover- nance in the Modern World System (1999, with Beverly J. Silver). Wei-An Chang is Professor of Sociology at National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan. His books include Economy and Society: A Social-Cultural Analy- sis of Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mainland China, with Chu Yin-wah; Taiwan’s Industrial Organization, Structure, and Competitive Strength; Culture and Economy: Weberian Sociological Research; and Classical Soci- ological Thought (all in Chinese). Takeshi Hamashita is Professor of History at the Institute for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University and the Institute of Oriental Culture, Tokyo University. He is co-author of the six-volume Japanese work, Maritime Asia (2001) and numerous works on the political economy of East Asia. Gary G. Hamilton is Professor of Sociology and the Jackson School of International Studies at the University of Washington. His recent books include Cosmopolitan Capitalists: Hong Kong and the Chinese Diaspora at the end of the 20th Century, The Economic Organization of East Asian Capitalism, with Marco Orrù and Nicole Biggart, and Asian Business Networks. Po-keung Hui teaches Cultural Studies at Lingnan University, Hong Kong. He is the author of What Capitalism is Not (2002, in Chinese), and co- editor of the Cultural and Social Studies Translation Series (1996–2002, six volumes, in Chinese). Ho-fung Hung is a PhD candidate in Sociology at Johns Hopkins Univer- sity. The author of numerous articles in Chinese and English, his disser- tation explores the dynamics of early modernity and contentious politics in Qing China. His “Orientalism and Social Theory: China, Europe, and the Comparison of Civilizations from the Jesuits to Weber” was published in Sociological Theory. xii Notes on contributors Peter J. Katzenstein is the Walter S. Carpenter Jr. Professor of Inter- national Studies at Cornell University, New York. He has written widely on issues of political economy and national security in both Europe and Asia. His recent work on regionalism in world politics includes Network Power: Japan and Asia (1997) and Tamed Power: Germany in Europe (1997). Peter C. Perdue is T. T. and Wei Fong Chao Professor of Asian Civiliza- tions and Professor of History at the Massachusetts Institute of Techno- logy. He teaches courses on Chinese history and civilization, Chinese social and economic history, and the Silk Road. He is the author of Exhausting the Earth: State and Peasant in Hunan, 1500–1850 A.D., and the forthcoming China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia, 1600–1800. Kenneth Pomeranz is Professor of History at University of California, Irvine. He has written The Great Divergence. China, Europe and the Making of the Modern World Economy and co-authored (with Steven Topik) The World that Trade Created. Mark Selden is Professor of Sociology at Binghamton University and Pro- fessional Associate, East Asia Program, Cornell University, New York. His recent books include, Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance (with Elizabeth J. Perry) and Islands of Discontent: Okinawan Responses to Japanese and American Power (with Laura Hein). Kaoru Sugihara is Professor of Economic History at Osaka University. His Japanese books include Patterns and Development of Intra-Asian Trade (1996) and The Rise of the Asia-Pacific Economy (2003). He is currently working on the role of East Asia in global history.