Department of Fire Science and Emergency Management Emergency Management Plan to Increase Resilience in Transportation Sector Vehicles to an EMP Attack Thesis Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Emergency Management By Julian A. LoRusso University of New Haven West Haven, Connecticut November 04, 2020 1 APPROVALS I am sincerely grateful for the valuable comments from my advisor, the committee members, and the department chairperson in completion of this document. Their contributions were clearly an asset in the achievement of the goals of this Study. Thesis Advisor Approval: Mariama Yakubu Mariama Yakubu (Nov 15, 2020 06:50 EST) Mariama Yakubu, Ph.D. - Lecturer (UNH Fire Science & Emergency Management Department) Committee Member Approvals: JEFFREY TREISTMAN JEFFREY TREISTMAN (Nov 15, 2020 17:39 EST) Jeff Triestman, Ph. D. – Assistant Professor (UNH National Security Department, Graduate Program Director) Edward M. Goldberg, DM Edward M. Goldberg, DM (Nov 15, 2020 20:16 EST) Ed Goldberg, Ph. D. – Manager, retired (Eversource, Inc., Business Continuity, Disaster Recovery and Threat Assessment Dept.) Matt Van Benschoten Matt Van Benschoten (Nov 15, 2020 22:11 EST) Mr. Matt Van Benschoten - Vice President (Roush Industries, Inc., Advanced Engineering) University Approvals: Wayne Sandford Wayne Sandford (Nov 16, 2020 08:00 EST) Mr. Wayne Sandford – Lecturer, Emergency Management Program Coordinator (Fire Sciences & Emergency Management Department) David A. Schroeder, Ph. D. - Dean (Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences) Mario Thomas Gaboury Mario Thomas Gaboury (Nov 17, 2020 16:59 EST) Mario Thomas Gaboury, J.D., Ph.D. – Provost (University of New Haven) 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In addition to input from the committee members, I would also like to acknowledge the help from the following individuals for their input in the completion of this report: • Mr. Bill Austin (Instructor, University of New Haven) – Assistance with emergency management logistics analysis. • Mr. Joe Scollo & UNH Library Staff (Research Specialist, UNH Library) – literature search assistance, document reference procedures. • Mr. Craig Wood (Supervisor, Advanced Engineering, Roush Industries, Inc.) – Input vehicle under-hood wiring systems and mitigation approaches. • Ms. Carolyn Michael (Military/civilian Vehicle Wiring Specialist, Roush Industries, Inc.) – Discussion of military versus non-military vehicle electromagnetic interference / electromagnetic compatibility (EMI/EMC) protection and EMP resilience approaches. • Mr. Jon Benavides and Mr. Joshua Gorsegner (Engineers, Advanced Engineering, Roush Industries, Inc) – Input on the vehicle electronics components risk analysis, mitigation design proposals, participation in meetings with suppliers on EMP transient voltage suppression devices. • Mr. Dan Ostrander (Manager, Electronic and Electrical Services, Roush Industries, Inc.) – Input in understanding fundamentals of microprocessor circuitry for actuators/sensors related to EMP. • Dr. William Radasky (President, Metatech Corp.) – Numerous email exchanges discussing EMP testing approaches and recommendations for design mitigation measures. Dr. Radasky has authored numerous technical articles and standards related to EMP from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). • Mr. Jon Armstrong and Joel Gorsegner (Controls Systems Dept., Advanced Engineering, Roush Industries, Inc.) – General input on EMP impact and mitigation measures. • Personnel at Transtector Inc.- Discussions on use of transient voltage suppression devices and filters which are integral to the cost effective EMP design mitigation action proposals. Input on past published EMP hardened vehicle mitigation approaches. 3 • Personnel at EMP Shield, Inc.- Input on transient voltage suppression devices which are integral to the cost effective EMP design mitigation action proposals. • Mr. Dan. McElhinney (Federal Preparedness Coordinator & Director, FEMA-R1) and Ms. Ingrid Pierce (Radiological Specialist-FEMA R1) – Hosts of my 1st visit to FEMA and some initial insights on the EMP problem. • Mr. Jameson Clem (RRCC Training and Exercise Coordinator, FEMA Region 1) – Assistance in establishing connections with key personnel in New England within FEMA and CISA for follow- up work once the thesis work is complete. • Test lab personnel listed in Section 6.2.2 and Table 9 - For their valuable input on validation test facilities and procedures in support of the proposed test plan. • Mr. Michael Laracy (Chief, Stoughton, MA Fire Dept)- Discussion on past Master of Science Thesis on EMP for Fire emergency vehicles, a great contribution to the literature. • Mr. Stephen Volandt (President, Resilient Projects Inc. and Infragard NDRC co-chair) – Encouragement to join Infragard; in particular the NDRC (National Disaster Resilience Council) special interest group devoted to study impact of EMP to the US Critical infrastructure. • Capt. Bruce W. Churchill (Ret.) (Infragard Regional Coordinator) – Advice in the very early stages of the project on the technical approach to be taken for transportation sector vehicles. • Ms. Mary Lasky (Program Mgr., John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, and Infragard NDRC co-chair) – Assistance with reference information from the NDRC “Powering Through” report, and future collaboration w/EMP resilience mitigation action planning. • Mr. Scott Boerner (Yale University Smilow Cancer Center, Project Manager) - Assistance in overall technical writing strategy and questions. • Dr. Sally Ejakov (Ford Motor Co, Product Development Engineer)- EMP physics comments. • Mr. Bruce Gaff (National Security Agency, analyst, retired)- An incredible thorough review of the entire thesis document with many valuable useful comments. 4 DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my family, my loving wife Patricia, and daughters Alexandra and Theresa, son Matthew, daughter-in-law Lena, son-in-law Patrick, and grand-daughters Lilly and Esmae. Their continued love and encouragement in conjunction with this late-in-life career change from Engineering to Emergency Management was very much appreciated and cherished. I also dedicate this thesis to our pets who are part of all our families, in particular our cats Tweedledum, Cheese and Joey, and our dog Cassie who made numerous trips to my desk in the course of writing this thesis, offering their unending love and affection. 5 ABOUT THE AUTHOR I enrolled in the Emergency Management M.S. program at University New Haven in January 2019 after retiring from full time employment at Roush Industries, Inc. as a Senior Engineer since 2007. Prior to joining Roush, I retired from Ford Motor Co. after 30 years of service since 1976 as a Principle Research Engineer and Product Development Supervisor. My background entering the program at UNH was a B.S. and M.S. in Mechanical Engineering, and a M.S. in Electronics and Computer Control Systems Engineering. My former work areas were in engine/powertrain systems design and development with Six Sigma black belt training. I deeply appreciate this opportunity offered to me at the University of New Haven to facilitate this career change in Emergency Management, and I hope it leads to many more years of work serving the public in disaster response, recovery and mitigation planning. 6 ABSTRACT A vulnerability exists in the U.S. to an attack from a nuclear weapon of mass destruction (WMD) optimized to generate an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) with potential for widespread damage to electrical components in the critical infrastructure including non-military (non-MIL) transportation sector vehicles. The purpose of this study was to develop a plan on how hazard risks from an EMP attack can be better understood for modern-day, “electronics-heavy”, transportation sector vehicles leading to affordable mitigation countermeasures that could be implemented as part of an emergency management plan. The FY2020 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) and preceding executive order signed by the President in 2019 supported this investigation to find ways to strengthen the transportation sector vehicle critical infrastructure from an EMP strike. A threat assessment analysis was used to identify capabilities of state actors and terrorist organizations that are of concern in national security forums. The hazards risk analysis utilized a hybrid emergency management/engineering approach to help visualize critical vehicle electronics sub-systems and components, and their respective potential failure modes. A comprehensive test plan was designed for modern-day, non-MIL transportation sector vehicles to identify the hazard risks which was accompanied by a failure modes and effects analysis template (FMEA) to quantify risks and prioritize mitigation countermeasures. Data from the literature from past testing, EMP resilience technical standards, and product information from expert suppliers who market EMP mitigation hardware were utilized to develop affordable mitigation countermeasure proposals for initial testing. The proposed emergency management plan was based on a strategic implementation of EMP mitigation countermeasures on non-MIL transportation sector modified to become resilient to EMP to support continuity in emergency services and delivery of lifeline supplies to the public after an EMP attack. A methodology was developed for enhanced logistics systems to address repair of un-modified, “as-built” vehicles