PoS, Morphology and Dependencies Annotation Guidelines for Arabic Mohammed Attia, Tolga Kayadelen, Ryan Mcdonald, Slav Petrov Google Inc. May, 2017 Table of Contents 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................................2 2. Tokenization...........................................................................................................................................3 Arabic Clitic Table................................................................................................................................4 Special Cases.........................................................................................................................................4 3. POS Tagging..........................................................................................................................................8 POS Quick Table...................................................................................................................................8 POS Tags.............................................................................................................................................13 JJ: Adjective....................................................................................................................................13 JJR: Elative Adjective.....................................................................................................................14 DT: The Arabic Determiner System...............................................................................................14 PDT: Predeterminers.......................................................................................................................15 RB: Adverbs...................................................................................................................................15 ADP/IN: Adpositions......................................................................................................................16 PRP: Personal Pronouns.................................................................................................................17 WP: interrogative/adjectival pronouns...........................................................................................19 VBN: active and passive participles...............................................................................................19 VBG: masdar..................................................................................................................................20 RP: Particle.....................................................................................................................................20 UH: Interjection or hesitation.........................................................................................................21 SYM: Symbol.................................................................................................................................21 Specific Cases for POS........................................................................................................................22 4. Morphological feature tagging.............................................................................................................34 Guiding Principle................................................................................................................................35 Intent vs Production.............................................................................................................................35 Proper..................................................................................................................................................36 Specific Cases For Morphology..........................................................................................................41 Plurality and Numerals...................................................................................................................41 Pluralia Tantum...............................................................................................................................41 Ambiguity.......................................................................................................................................42 Gender Representation....................................................................................................................42 Definiteness....................................................................................................................................44 Personal Names..............................................................................................................................45 Idafa vs Apposition.........................................................................................................................45 Tagging Foreign Words...................................................................................................................46 Tagging Dialectical Words..............................................................................................................46 The Unspecified Tag.......................................................................................................................48 1 5. Dependencies.......................................................................................................................................49 5.1 Dependency Quick Table..............................................................................................................49 5.2 Dependency Labels.......................................................................................................................62 5.2.1 Root.......................................................................................................................................62 5.2.2 Auxiliary................................................................................................................................63 5.2.3 Arguments..............................................................................................................................63 5.3 Specific Issues with Dependency..................................................................................................87 MWE List.......................................................................................................................................87 xcomp.............................................................................................................................................89 Prep / Mark.....................................................................................................................................90 Dates and Time...............................................................................................................................90 Light verb constructions.................................................................................................................92 Quantifiers: predet vs. head............................................................................................................92 Interrogative pronouns....................................................................................................................92 Multi-token subordinating conjunctions.........................................................................................94 Range expressions..........................................................................................................................94 Locutions: mwe..............................................................................................................................94 Relative pronouns...........................................................................................................................95 Nouns with omitted relative pronouns............................................................................................96 Headless relative clauses................................................................................................................96 Parataxis vs. appos..........................................................................................................................97 Adjuncts: choice of the head...........................................................................................................97 97...............................................................................................................................لن ولكي Phrases Symbols in Dependency.................................................................................................................97 98................................................................................................يمكن، يعجب، يكفي :Verbs with csubj 98.................................................................................المر الذي Subordinate sentences starting with Definition of prepositional argument (CLR)..................................................................................99 Irregular Adjective Sequence........................................................................................................100 100.................................................................................................................ليس Other functions of Case for Nouns Modified by Numbers.........................................................................................100 Case for Words of non-Arabic Origin...........................................................................................100