30. MASKS GARNITURE OF CHARLES V Filippo Negroli and his brothers Milan, dated 1539 Steel, gold, and silver Wt. 31 lb. 3 oz. (14,490 g) RealArmeria, Patrimonio Nacional, Madrid (A 139) he Masks Garniture occupies a special place in the Negroli Toeuvre as the largest surviving armor ensemble signed by Filippo N egroli and the only example of his work to specify unequivocally the participation of two or more of his broth­ ers. The armor's appellation, "de los mascarones," derives from the grotesque masks that figure prominently in its dec­ oration, and it was coined by Valencia de Don Juan (1898) to distinguish it from the many other harnesses of Charles V in the Real Armeria. Indeed, for Valencia, none of the emperor's numerous richly embellished armors could match this one for the beauty of its decoration. As the term "garniture" implies, the harness possesses a number of exchange and reinforcing pieces that allow it to be employed, with several variations, for mounted use in the field as well as on foot. The exhibited harness is composed of the following ele­ ments: a burgonet with hinged cheekpieces and a separate, detachable buffe to close the face opening; a breastplate with two downward-overlapping waist lames and a single skirt lame supporting tassets (upper thigh defenses) of seven lames each that are divisible between the second and third lames; a backplate with two waist lames and a single culet (rump) lame; asymmetrical pauldrons (shoulder defenses) made in one with vambraces (arm defenses) and having large couters open on the inside of the elbows; articulated cuisses (lower thigh defenses) with poleyns (knees); and half­ greaves open on the inside of the leg. The construction of the cuirass is noteworthy, particularly because the solid breastplate and backplate are decorated with narrow hori­ zontal recessed bands to suggest an anime, that is, an articu­ lated cuirass composed entirely of horizontal plates, of which catalogue number 52 is an example. In addition to the waist lames, the breastplate has two gusset lames at each armhole held in position by internal U-shaped springs (ill.), and with a series of hinged plates at each side. The backplate is fitted with similar side plates, on the largest of which is a fixed pin that passes through a guide slot on the corre­ sponding side plates of the breastplate, thus assuring the proper alignment of the cuirass. Although now polished bright, the surface of the armor was originally black and rough from the hammer, as shown by the contemporary illustrations in the Inventario fluminado (figs. 56-58) and the description of the harness in the 160 .