a 7.90 D 14974 E D European & Security ES & Defence 5/2019 International Security and Defence Journal COUNTRY FOCUS: SWEDEN Artillery ISSN 1617-7983 • Modernisation • Czech-Austrian Cooperation • Electronic Warfare Trends • Poland’s Technical • Turkish Air Force Modernisation Plan • Submarine Combat • Spanish Army Management Systems www.euro-sd.com • • BMD in Eastern Europe • Dutch Submarine Programme • Czech Army and Air Force • Simulator Visualisation Systems May 2019 • Ukrainian Navy • Turkish Defence Industry Politics · Armed Forces · Procurement · Technology Editorial Europe Has the Choice At the end of May the citizens of the EU Member States will be called upon to elect a new European Parliament. A few months later, on 31 October, the term of office of the current European Commission comes to an end, and the new successors will step in. But Jean-Claude Juncker, who over the past five years has been vehemently pushing for European solidarity and has often cut a bad figure in doing so, will no longer be around as President. A front runner as his successor is tipped to be the German Manfred Weber. He comes as the front-runner of the Christian-Democratic and Conservative party coalition, the European People’s Party, who, according to some surveys, are hoping once again to represent the strongest fraction in the European Parliament. True, there are no rules that say that the lead candidate of the strongest fraction will automatically be accorded the office of President of the Commission; nevertheless, there seems to be a broad consensus that this is how things go, so as to bolster what tends to be seen as the weak democratic legitimacy of the Commission. The past five years over which the term of office of the European Parliament has extended com- ing now to an end, and during which the Commission functioned under Juncker, were shaped by the Brexit referendum in the UK and its turbulent implementation, the outcome of which still remains to be seen. Whether a majority of British voters would today still opt for leaving the EU, now that they are aware of the complications involved, cannot be foretold with any certainty. This changes nothing, however, with regard to the fact that many of the arguments on which pro-Brexiteers based their campaign were (and are) justified, but in turn without the conclu- sion necessarily being drawn that this means turning their backs on the Community. In Brussels there has long been the tendency (and still is) to accumulate more and more power and, step by step, to turn the European Community, conceived by its founders as a federation of States, into a kind of Federal State, without the citizens of the Member States ever having given any kind of mandate for this. One reason for this is undoubtedly to be found in the intrinsic dynamics of the large bureau- cratic bodies which have come into being over the course of decades in Brussels. The European Commission in particular is continually finding excuses to bring matters within its grasp which could (and should) in fact be dealt with at the national level. This gives rise to concern especially when ideologies come into play of which the obsession is to create the draft plan for the United States of Europe, so as to feature as a player on the world political stage, and not just in a minor role, but as a competitor to the United States of America. In the Trump era, this tendency has gained momentum, since underlying anti-Americanism can now conveniently be disguised as criticism of the current US President. Such mind games do no service to the security of Europe, which still rests on transatlantic solidarity within the NATO framework. Efforts to assume as many powers as possible are countered by the inability of Brussels to re- solve problems which do, in fact, confront the EU as a whole. Of primary concern here is the issue of how the Europeans should respond to the pressure of migration from Africa, which if anything keeps getting stronger. The image of Germany opening its borders September 2015 was indeed an issue which took centre stage in the Brexit referendum debate. Within the EU, the UK has always pushed for a policy that only those matters should be regu- lated at the Community level which the sovereign national States are unable to deal with on their own. After the referendum, London was no longer able to add its weight to tip the scales on this issue. This has enabled those tendencies which are pulling in the opposite direction to be strengthened within the EU, and that in turn has fuelled antagonistic forces in a series of Member States, which will be reflected in the elections to the European Parliament, too. Some observers paint an image of explicit opponents to the EU becoming so strong that a crisis might threaten the very existence of Europe, but this is a gross exaggeration. Most Europeans are unchanged in their conviction that the EU is a rational thing, and a necessary thing. This should not be put in jeopardy by those few who are indeed fundamentally in opposition. The EU can only be put in danger if its long-criticised democratic shortcomings are not addressed, and if the reforms needed for this are rejected. Peter Bossdorf 5/2019 · European Security & Defence 1 Contents 68 The Invisible Spear, Sword and Shield SECURITY POLICY Electronic Warfare in the Third Decade of the 21st Century 12 The Visegrad Group’s Role John Antal in the European Security System The Turkish Air Force Michal Jarocki 71 Current Status and Perspectives 16 Forging New Relationships Georg Mader The Czech Defence Minister Visits his Austrian Counterpart Interview with the Czech Defence Minister Lubomir Metnar and the Austrian Defence Minister Mario Kunasek ARMAMENT & TECHNOLOGY 23 Turkey–US Relations: 77 A New Generation of Submarine The Turkish Side of the Rubik's Cube Combat Management Systems Andreea Stoian Karadeli Luca Peruzzi 30 Russia In Central Asia: A Hegemon in Decline 83 The Royal Netherlands Navy's Stephen Blank Submarine Replacement Programme Jaime Karremann 88 The Norwegian ‘One-Stop Shop' Support Ship: COUNTRY FOCUS: SWEDEN the HNoMS MAUD 34 If Peace Is under Threat: Sweden's Defence Policy Guy Toremans Tommy P. Christensen 90 Beefing Up NATO’s Artillery 37 “What kind of soldier does Sweden need?” Tim Guest Swedish Defence Today and Tomorrow: 96 Urgently Needed: Weapon-Locating Radars An Essay by General Micael Bydén, Tim Guest Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces 40 “We expect an increase in investments.” Interview with Lieutenant General Göran Mårtensson, Index of Advertisers Director General, FMV Avon Protection 10-11, 79 Bren-Tronics 9 CBRNe Protection Symposium 39 ARMED FORCES Damen 43 42 When Cooperation Becomes Synergy DSEI 91 Interview with Rear Admiral Wim Robberecht, FEINDEF 19 Commander of the Belgian Navy FMV 35 46 Czeching Out: The Czech Air Force FNSS 2nd cover Alan Warnes General Dynamics European Land Systems 61 50 Czech Republic Army Helicopter Museum 53 Modernisation Programmes HEMUS 2020 117 Edward Hobbs Holovis 101 56 Poland's Billion-Dollar Procurement Programmes Kajaki Film 106-107 Michal Jarocki MSM 17 60 “We need a long-range artillery capability.” MSPO 119 Interview with General Francisco Javier Varela Salas, Otokar 25 Chief of Staff, Spanish Army Navantia 87 th 63 Ballistic Missile Defence in Eastern Europe Nexter 4 cover Alexander Horobets Rheinmetall 5 66 “The conduct of the Russian military Sensonor 3 is characterised by criminal acts.” SOFIC 11 Interview with Admiral Ihor Voronchenko, thyssenkrupp Marine Systems 85 Commander of the Ukrainian Navy WB Electronics 59 Yugoimport 3rd cover 2 European Security & Defence · 5/2019 102 Simulator Visualisation Systems William Carter IMU 108 Gunnery Simulation and Training William Carter TACTICAL GRADE INDUSTRY AND MARKETS 113 The Turkish Defence and Aerospace Industrial Base Players and Programmes Kubilai Han 118 Turkish Defence Exports and Political Environment Korhan Özkilinc 123 Komatsu’s Withdrawal from the Armoured Vehicles Business Shinichi Kiyotani 1:1 scale 124 Saudi Arabia Shows Off Alan Warnes STIM300 is a tactical grade Inertial THE BRUSSELS BACKDROP Measurement Unit, IMU, for demanding 54 A New NATO Joint Support and Enabling Command in Ulm guidance and navigation applications. 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