December 2016 ❏ Volume 2, Number 2 C ONSTITUTIONAL Constitutional Review Thank you very much to ❏ TheAdvisers Strong State and Pancasila: Reflecting Human R Rights in the Indonesian Democracy Prof. Dr. Arief Hidayat, S.H., M.S. Zezen Zaenal Mutaqin EVIEW Dr. Anwar Usman, S.H., M.H. Prof. Dr. Maria❏ The Farida Constitutionalization Indrati, S.H., M.H. of Budget for Education and Dr. PatrialisIts Judicial Akbar, S.H.,Enforcement M.H. in Indonesia Dr. H. Wahiduddin Andy Omara Adams, S.H., MA. Prof. Dr.❏ AswantoElection S.H., Design M.Si. FollowingDFM. Constitutional Court Dr. I Dewa GedeDecision Palguna, Number S.H. ,14/PUU-XI/2013 M. Hum Dr. Suhartoyo,Fajar Laksono S. H. and, M. Oly H. Viana Agustine Dr. Manahan❏ M.Dynamics P. Sitompul, of S.H.,the M.Obligation Hum to Register Birth Certificates as a part of the Right to Issuance Population Documents December 2016 Winda Wijayanti ❏ The Unamendable Articles of the 1945 Constitution Luthfi Widagdo Eddyono ❏ Architecture of Indonesia’s Checks and Balances Ibnu Sina Chandranegara ❏ Volume 2, Number 2 Volume PUBLISHED BY The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia We Also Publish: “Jurnal Konstitusi” Accredited By LIPI (Indonesian Institute of Sciences) and DIKTI (Indonesian Directorate General of THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Higher Education) TEH CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA Constitutional Review, Desember 2016, Volume 2, Number 2 THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA December 2016, Volume 2, NumberBoard 2 of Editors Officially Incharge : M. Guntur Hamzah CONTENTS Chief Editor : Noor Sidharta TheReviewers Strong State and: Simon Pancasila: Butt, Shimada Reflecting Yuzuru, Hayyan Human UI Haq, Rights Dhiana in Puspitawati the IndonesianManaging Editors Democracy : Wiryanto Fajar Laksono Suroso Zezen Zaenal Mutaqin Bisariyadi Nallom Kurniawan The Constitutionalization of Budget for Education and Its Judicial Helmi Kasim Enforcement in Indonesia Pan Mohamad Faiz Oly Viana Agustine Andy Omara Secretariat : Sri Handayani Election Design Following Constitutional Court Decision Number Yossy Adriva 14/PUU-XI/2013 Rumondang Hasibuan Udi Hartadi Fajar Laksono and Oly Viana Agustine Layout & Cover : Nur Budiman Dynamics of the Obligation to Register Birth Certificates as a Part of the Right to Issuance Population Documents Winda Wijayanti The Unamendable Articles of the 1945 Constitution Luthfi Widagdo Eddyono Address Constitutional Review Architecture of Indonesia’s Checks and Balances The Constitutional Court of The Republic of Indonesia Ibnu Sina Chandranegara Jl. Medan Merdeka Barat No. 6 Jakarta 10110 Biography Phone. (+6221) 23529000 Fax. (+6221) 352177 E-mail: [email protected] Author GuidelinesThis journal can be downloaded on www.mahkamahkonstitusi.go.id Citation is permitted with acknowledgement of the source The articles in this journal do not represent the opinion of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia Thank you very much to Advisers Prof. Dr. Arief Hidayat, S.H., M.S. Dr. Anwar Usman, S.H., M.H. Prof. Dr. Maria Farida Indrati, S.H., M.H. Dr. Patrialis Akbar, S.H., M.H. Dr. H. Wahiduddin Adams, S.H., MA. Prof. Dr. Aswanto S.H., M.Si. DFM. Dr. I Dewa Gede Palguna, S.H. , M. Hum Dr. Suhartoyo, S. H. , M. H. Dr. Manahan M. P. Sitompul, S.H., M. Hum TEH CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA December 2016, Volume 2, Number 2 CONTENTS The Strong State and Pancasila: Reflecting Human Rights in the Indonesian Democracy Zezen Zaenal Mutaqin The Constitutionalization of Budget for Education and Its Judicial Enforcement in Indonesia Andy Omara Election Design Following Constitutional Court Decision Number 14/PUU-XI/2013 Fajar Laksono and Oly Viana Agustine Dynamics of the Obligation to Register Birth Certificates as a Part of the Right to Issuance Population Documents Winda Wijayanti The Unamendable Articles of the 1945 Constitution Luthfi Widagdo Eddyono Architecture of Indonesia’s Checks and Balances Ibnu Sina Chandranegara Biography Author Guidelines Note From Editors Note From Editors This is the last edition of Year 2016 of Constitutional Review. In this year- end edition, Constitutional Review presents six articles discussing various topics such as the idea of strong state and the protection of human rights, the incorporation of some ideas into the provision of the constitution, the analysis of constitutional court decision and some insights in the process and substance of constitutional amendment. We expect that these articles will provoke further discussion among our readers, jot down their ideas and present them in the future editions of Constitutional review. The idea of strong state is needed to protect human rights. On the other hand, the lack of stateness might cause failure of a democratic state to protect human rights. This is a weakness that occurs in Indonesia. In the case of Indonesian democracy, Zezen Zaenal Mutaqin, the author of the first article argues that the ambiguity in the interpretation of Pancasila (the Five-Principles) as the indonesian ideology proves to be the principal cause of the weakness. Constitutionalizing budget for education paves the way to challenge government policy to the Constitutional Court if the government fails to fulfill this obligation. Andy Omara, the author of the second article, presents a discussion on the two aspects of this constitutionalization of national education budget in Indonesian Constitution. First, the background and second, its judicial Contents enforcement in the Constitutional Court. In his writing, the author raises argument on those two aspects which are the proper funding of the national education and the legal and extralegal approach taken by Constitutional Court in examining some judicial review cases concerning this matter. The third article is co-authored by Fajar Laksono and Oly Viana Agustine. The article deals with the election design in Indonesia based on a decision of Constitutional Court, decision No. 14/PUU-XI/2013, on the constitutionality review of presidential election law. The authors are of the opinion that the decision poses fundamental changes to the design of general election. Based on the decision, the authors argue that general election, both presidential election and the election of members of representative bodies, should be held simultaneously. The fourth article, written by Winda Wijayanti, deals with the issue on the importance of birth certificate. The author discusses the decision of Constitutional Court No. 18/PUU-XI/2013. In this decision the Constitutional Court emphasizes that government should take an active role in the registration of birth. Through this decision the Constitutional Court removes the deadline to report the birth of a child. The form of unitary state and the Preamble of the Constitution are things that cannot be amended in the constitutional amendment of the Republic of Indonesia. The first is expressly stated in the Article 37 paragraph (5) of the Constitution while the latter is stated implicitly. Luthfi Widagdo Eddyono discusses this issue in the fifth article of this edition. The author, in this writing, provides interesting finding based on his analysis, the original intent of this unamendable provision of the Costitution. Architecture of Indonesia’s checks and balances is presented in the last article of this edition. In this article, Ibnu Sina Chandranegara, provides analysis on the aspects of checks and balances including its portion and posture based on its incorporation into the Constitution. iv Constitutional Review, December 2016, Volume 2, Number 2 Keywords Keywords are derived from the article This abstract page may be photocopied without prior permission and free of charge Zezen Zaenal Mutaqin The Strong State and Pancasila: Reflecting Human Rights in the Indonesian Democracy Constitutional Review Vol. 2 No. 2 pp. 159-188 The rights of every Indonesian citizens are protected by the 1945 Constitution. Does the reality matches with the normative regulations? Does democratization improves the protection of human rights especially in term of the religious freedom? We find that there is a discrepancy between the ideal written constitution and the reality. In this following essay I argue that the failure of Indonesian democratic regimes to protect human rights is the result of the lack of “stateness”. The ideal of “stateness” is referring to Fukuyama idea that is “the ability of state to plan and execute policies and to enforce law”. I will present the argument that the weakness of the administration cause by an ambiguity in the interpretation of the Indonesia ideology, Pancasila (the Five-Principles). This paper will firstly discuss the idea of strong state and its relation to the protection of human rights. Alongside the theoretical examination of the concept, I will discuss the weakness of democratic regimes in Indonesia to protect human rights. This will be followed by an examination of the core argument of the paper, argue that the principle cause of the state weakness lies on the ambiguity of the administration to interpret Pancasila. Keywords: Pancasila, Strong State, Human Rights, Democracy. Constitutional Review, December 2016, Volume 2, Number 2 v Keywords Keywords are derived from the article This abstract page may be photocopied without prior permission and free of charge Andy Omara The Constitutionalization of Budget for