z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 1 ’ Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (14th April 1891 - 6th December 1956) z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 2 BLANK z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 3 These views are the views of a man, who has been no tool of power, no flatterer of greatness. They come from one, almost the whole of whose public exertion has been one continuous struggle for liberty for the poor and for the oppressed and whose only reward has been a continuous shower of calumny and abuse from national journals and national leaders, for no other reason except that I refuse to join with them in performing the miracle—I will not say trick—of liberating the oppressed with the gold of the tyrant and raising the poor with the cash of the rich. —Dr. Ambedkar in ‘Annihilation of Caste’. z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 4 z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 5 DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR WRITINGS AND SPEECHES Vol. 12 Edited by Vasant Moon z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 6 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar : Writings and Speeches Vol. 12 First Edition by Education Department, Govt. of Maharashtra : 14 April, 1993 Re-printed by Dr. Ambedkar Foundation : January, 2014 ISBN (Set) : 978-93-5109-064-9 Courtesy : Monogram used on the Cover page is taken from Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar’s Letterhead. © Secretary Education Department Government of Maharashtra Price : One Set of 1 to 17 Volumes (20 Books) : ` 3000/- Publisher: Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India 15, Janpath, New Delhi - 110 001 Phone : 011-23357625, 23320571, 23320589 Fax : 011-23320582 Website : www.ambedkarfoundation.nic.in The Education Department Government of Maharashtra, Bombay-400032 for Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Source Material Publication Committee Printer M/s. Tan Prints India Pvt. Ltd., N. H. 10, Village-Rohad, Distt. Jhajjar, Haryana z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 7 Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment & Chairperson, Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Kumari Selja MESSAGE Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the Chief Architect of Indian Constitution was a scholar par excellence, a philosopher, a visionary, an emancipator and a true nationalist. He led a number of social movements to secure human rights to the oppressed and depressed sections of the society. He stands as a symbol of struggle for social justice. The Government of Maharashtra has done a highly commendable work of publication of volumes of unpublished works of Dr. Ambedkar, which have brought out his ideology and philosophy before the Nation and the world. In pursuance of the recommendations of the Centenary Celebrations Committee of Dr. Ambedkar, constituted under the chairmanship of the then Prime Minister of India, the Dr. Ambedkar Foundation (DAF) was set up for implementation of different schemes, projects and activities for furthering the ideology and message of Dr. Ambedkar among the masses in India as well as abroad. The DAF took up the work of translation and publication of the Collected Works of Babasaheb Dr. B.R. Ambedkar published by the Government of Maharashtra in English and Marathi into Hindi and other regional languages. I am extremely thankful to the Government of Maharashtra’s consent for bringing out the works of Dr. Ambedkar in English also by the Dr. Ambedkar Foundation. Dr. Ambedkar’s writings are as relevant today as were at the time when these were penned. He firmly believed that our political democracy must stand on the base of social democracy which means a way of life which recognizes liberty, equality and fraternity as the principles of life. He emphasized on measuring the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved. According to him if we want to maintain democracy not merely in form, but also in fact, we must hold fast to constitutional methods of achieving our social and economic objectives. He advocated that in our political, social and economic life, we must have the principle of one man, one vote, one value. There is a great deal that we can learn from Dr. Ambedkar’s ideology and philosophy which would be beneficial to our Nation building endeavor. I am glad that the DAF is taking steps to spread Dr. Ambedkar’s ideology and philosophy to an even wider readership. I would be grateful for any suggestions on publication of works of Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar. (Kumari Selja) z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 8 Collected Works of Babasaheb Dr. Ambedkar (CWBA) Editorial Board Kumari Selja Minister for Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India and Chairperson, Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Shri Manikrao Hodlya Gavit Minister of State for Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India Shri P. Balram Naik Minister of State for Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India Shri Sudhir Bhargav Secretary Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India Shri Sanjeev Kumar Joint Secretary Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, Govt. of India and Member Secretary, Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Shri Viney Kumar Paul Director Dr. Ambedkar Foundation Shri Kumar Anupam Manager (Co-ordination) - CWBA Shri Jagdish Prasad ‘Bharti’ Manager (Marketing) - CWBA Shri Sudhir Hilsayan Editor, Dr. Ambedkar Foundation z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 9 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Source Material Publication Committee, Maharashtra State 1. HON’BLE SHRI PRABHAKAR DHARKAR EDUCATION ... PRESIDENT MINISTER, (HIGHER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION ) 2. HON’BLE SHRI RAMDAS ATHAWALE MINISTER FOR ... MEMBER SOCIAL WELFARE 3. HON’BLE SHRI SADASHIVRAO MANDLIK MINISTER OF ... MEMBER STATE FOR EDUCATION 4. SHRI R. S. GAVAI ... MEMBER 5. SHRI DADASAHEB RUPAWATE ... MEMBER 6. SHRI SHANKARRAO KHARAT ... MEMBER 7. SHRI WAMAN NBJBALKAR ... MEMBER 8. SHRI PRAKASH AMBEDKAR ... MEMBER 9 DR. BHALCHANDRA PHADKE ... MEMBER 10. SHRI DAYA PAWAR ... MEMBER 11. DR. GANGADHAR PANTAWANE ... MEMBER 12. DR. BHAU LOKHANDE ... MEMBER 13. DR. S. K. MESHRAM ... MEMBER 14. PROF. KESHAV MESHRAM ... MEMBER 15. SHRI VISHWAS PATIL ... MEMBER 16. PROF. PRABHA GANORKAR ... MEMBER 17. DR. Y. M. PATHAN ... MEMBER 18. SHRI LAXMAN MANE ... MEMBER 19. PROF. N. D. PATIL ... MEMBER 20. DR. JANARDAN WAGHMARE ... MEMBER 21. PROF. ASHOK GODGHATE ... MEMBER 22. SECRETARY (HIGHER EDUCATION ) ... MEMBER 23. SHRI VASANT MOON ... M EMBER - (Officer on Special Duty ) SECRETARY 24. DIRECTOR OF EDUCATION ... CONVENOR (HIGHER EDUCATION ) z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 10 BLANK z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 11 FOREWORD In this series of publication of writings and speeches of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, the State Government has so far published 11 volumes and I am glad to release this 12th volume. As in the last 11 volumes, in this 12th volume the writings of Dr. Ambedkar are full of intelligence and stimulus to the thinking mind. It is amazing to observe the spectrum of Dr. Ambedkar’s special concern for the humanity and equality, particularly, the various aspects which touch upon the democratic life in the modern society. In this volume, the articles which have been written by him occasionally find place together and how difficult it must have been to put these under one caption. No article is isolated. Every article of his is interlinked, may it be commerce or social antrhropology, English literature or English Constitution, the enquiry has a social orientation. The notes on various Acts and Laws which have been included in the volume also are the evidence of the kind that Dr. Ambedkar was a legal luminary and his basic thinking on jurisprudence. It is not only an advocacy but also analysis which is useful not only in the court-room but in the library of any intelligent student. I am confident that this volume would be received well by the students of Dr. Ambedkar’s thought and also by intelligent readers and members of public. I would like to place my appreciation of the work that has been gone into bringing out this volume and I am sure that the further volumes as planned will come through as scheduled. (SHARAD PAWAR) Chief Minister of Maharashtra State. z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 12 BLANK z:\ ambedkar\vol-012\vol12-01.indd MK SJ+YS 19-10-2013>YS>20-12-2013 13 PREFACE The present volume of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar’s Writings and Speeches is a testimony to his diligence in his early years. These writings cover a variety of subjects. From the law of evidence to Dicey’s Law of the English Constitution and from Ancient Indian Commerce to the present day Parliamentary Democracy, it is a continuation of the philosophy of law as much as of various dimensions of its practice. These writings therefore are useful to show that in order to master a subject, there has to be a method in study. The method that Dr. Ambedkar followed was calculated to bring out concepts in their clarity, to appreciate reason of law in the perspective of its purpose so that in application law is fairly administered and correctly applied. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar was a Constitutional lawyer. He taught jurisprudence and in his appreciation of the rule of law in society, sociological dimensions of law are visible.