Hkakabo Razi Thimphu 7089 Kangto Tazungdàm BLUF - Implications for PACOM K i u BHUTAN Hkyenhpa Xichang Y G a n La Putao g • Myanmar is one of the world’s most natural disaster n t g a N z m e Tarung a Itanagar 3850 i o prone countries; vulnerability is compounded by g e Tagap Ga n l Gedu a w Bra Shingbwiyang a g Welatam hma i poverty and poor infrastructure. putra T 3411 n Sumprabum k g u Taihpa Ga a p Panzhihua m a R o Dispur INDIA N in Makaw • Ranks 10th out of 191 countries in INFORM index dw in Singkaling n h i n i C a l n a 3826 Hkàmti Ta o M Shaduzup g for risk management model; highest vulnerability and Saramati Lauhkaung Shillong m Nsopzup Lonkin u ai 3737 Kohima Nampagam K m lowest coping capacity among ASEAN nations. N LangyaS Shan Yebawmi Mogaung Myitkyina h CHINA BANGLADESH Indawgyi g Dali n a J Lake n i a i J y a • Ongoing armed conflict with multiple ethnicm groups, to Hommalin am u Hopin N N u in n n i w n nd l e a i a h K Imphal C Kunming include Rohingya Muslims in Rakhine State. g Mansi Logtak L. Thaungdut n Mawhun G Dacca a Banmauk Myothit a R Sittaung M ng • After a week’s delay, accepted U.S. assistancees following Y e Katha u n z a Bhamo Möng i Pinleibu a Yu g S Aizawl a n Cyclone Nargis in May 2008. h Wuntho l w 2548 t a Tigyaing e e Mawlite n e 2704 M Si-u L Kennedy M y Khulna d Tagaung Màn Na Kalay-wa u d Kalemyo a Hsenwi Ho-pang M w a a r r Mongmeik TROPIC OF CANCER ni I Cyclone risk: Falam p ur Mingin Zigon Namtu Pang Long B C C o h i n i Gejiu n Kin-u Mogok o Lashio u h Hakha a M d Ye-u Y w Ma e i k i n Nawngleng o Location: Northeast corner of the Bay of Bengal 2675 n n Kani Shwebo Hsipaw g Chittagong Budalin Gokteik SiatlaiH Monywa Möng Yai K i Pyin-U-Lwin a l a g s P l n e d M Pa g i Kèng Lon Monsoon / cyclone season: April to December (withn a a i l e G n Sagaing f t h s M o u t h s o Mandalay Ke-hsi Mànsàn 2603 peaks in May and November) Paletwa Hilawng Amarapura Mongyan VIETNAM Pauk g Möng Küng 2320 n 3053 a Myingyan L Bawli Bàzàr Mt. Victoria Wàn Sing L e Pakokku m Saw Lawksawk Kengtung Bòk Hsopnam M 2563 r o Buthidaung o Exposure: Nearly 2,000 km of coastline n 1518 oi g L n Tà-kaw ko u l e Meiktila i Taunggyi Mongyawng M Chauk P im Rathetaung s Monghpyak Yaynangyoung Kalaw Shwenyaung H Minbyar t Inle L. g le en a Yamethinn T Monghsat D Minbu Fast Facts Sittwe (Akyab) A Magway Maukme Möng Pan Möng 2285 Boronga I. 1708 r Dalet y Taungdwingyi Wàn-Konnà Hò-pùng d S n a alwee Pani d n a e A Pyinmanaa Combermere Bay k Möng Maü g • Capital: Nay Pyi Taw w An S n i a a t R t T r a n e n LAOS Kyaukphyu a o Bay r n Loikaw I Allanmyo g • Area: 676,578 sq. km (approx. the size of Texas) n n Thayet w Ramree I. a P • Total population: 53 million (2017) Y Cheduba I. Taunggok o Pye Taungoo Pasawng • Burma: previous name, changed to Myanmar in 1989 m Chiang Mai Paungde of Thandwe g a Kyanginn Pyu n o Ok-po k Myanaung e Kyeintali Nyaunglebin Papun Lampang M Letpadan Yangon: former capital, most populous city and largest n e Tharrawaddy Pyuntaza e Laymyethnor w Vientiane l a D in l S Thonze i seaport in Myanmar (historically known as Rangoon) B Bengal a Hinthada w Pegu Kyaikto Other major seaports include: Sittwe, Pathein, Mawlamyine n Insein Bilin a Thaton and Dawei YANGON (RANGOON) Kayan Hpa-an Pathein Thongwa Thongwa Kawkareik Myoungmya Syriam Martaban THAILAND Bilugyun I. Mawlamyaing Labutta Bogale R CFE-DM’s DM Reference Handbook provides basic Cape Negrais Phyarpon Mudon H a 2080 Khon Kaen u a n Kyaikkami g n t M h Kyônkadun a country information, in addition to a detailed breakdown o r g a u Thanbyuzayat Z w t a h m s e i o f t of Myanmar’s DM structure, legal framework, and roles and h e Gulf of Kalegauk I. I r r a w a d d y Kyunchaung responsibilities. Martaban Ye Nakhon Sawan Preparis I. Khao Laem Res. Nakhon Kanbauk Ratchasima Major Actors in Natural Disaster Response M B Coco Islands o s i c Tavoy o l s in Myanmar: I Myitta . a Cape Price Chaungwabyin u North Andaman Narcondam Zalut • Ministries of: Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement Island Bangkok 2073 k Palauk t (MSWRR); Foreign Affairs (MoFA); Defence (MoD); Home M Mali I. Middle Andaman Andaman Islands Palaw a CAMBODIA e Kad Affairs (MoHA); Health (MoH); Myanmar military (aka an T e INDIA r I u South Andaman . n a g s s e r n i Tatmadaw); Myanmar Red Cross Society u m Myeik i g A thit I. • IOs: United Nations agencies, ICRC, World Bank, ADB Sagan Tenasserim r R c ANDAMAN Bentinck I. Gulf h Mamoron a • International NGOs: MSF, World Vision, Save the Letsôk-aw I. i . I n p w a of m Bokpyinn e g Children n a l K Little Andaman a e Thailand g • Bilateral donors: USA, UK, European Commission, Japan SEA Lanbi I. o Nangin • Regional organizations: ASEAN, ARF, BIMSTEC Kawthoung Zadetkyi I. Ko Phangan Cyclone Nargis (May 2008) • 2.4 million affected; 1M homeless; 140,000 dead. • Category 4 cyclone with winds in excess of 135 mph; 12 ft. storm surge. • Floodwaters penetrated 50 km inland. • 90%+ buildings destroyed in Irrawady Delta. • Livestock lost, farmland and fisheries destroyed. • 50,000 acres of farmland abandoned due to salinity. • $10 billion (2008 USD) in damage; costliest cyclone in the history of the Bay of Bengal. • India first to respond; Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia also provided relief supplies. • JTF Caring Response, USPACOM’s disaster response effort. • First deployment of ASEAN Emergency Response and Assistance Team (ERAT). JTF Caring Response (12 May – 22 June, 2008) • PACOM completed 185 airlifts of emergency relief supplies to Myanmar. In addition, the 36th CRG helped open and operate airfields to facilitate additional relief operations. • Myanmar refused U.S. assistance from the USS Essex ARG and embarked 31st MEU. • Operations Sea Angel I (Cyclone Marian, Bangladesh, April 1991) and Sea Angel II (Cyclone Sidr, Bangladesh, November 2007) demonstrate how U.S. military amphibious forces might respond to a similar event in coastal Myanmar. • Total U.S. assistance to Myanmar in FY 2008 totaled $43 million. Cyclone Nargis, 2 May 2008 (NASA) Sources: • CFE-DM’s Myanmar Disaster Management Reference Handbook (2017) • https://www.cfe-dmha.org/DMHA-Resources/Disaster-Management-Reference-Handbooks • Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination in Emergencies: Towards a Predictable Model, pgs. 67-86 on Myanmar https://docs.unocha.org/sites/dms/ROAP/Civil%20Military%20Coordination/images/ RCG_05042017_Final_electronic.pdf • Cyclone Sidr Lessons Learned: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/Resources/Lessons-Learned/Cyclone-Sidr • Cyclone Marian Lessons Learned: https://www.cfe-dmha.org/Resources/Lessons-Learned/Cyclone-Marian • Webster, P.J. 2008. Myanmar’s deadly daffodil. Nature Geoscience. 488-490. • USAID / OFDA Fact Sheet, 2 July 2008: https://web.archive.org/web/20080709030105/http://www.usaid.gov/locations/asia/countries/burma/cyclone_nargis/documents/070208BurmaCycloneNargis_fs23.pdf Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance 456 Hornet Avenue, Joint Base Pearl Harbor - Hickam, Hawaii 96860-3503 Telephone: (808) 472-0518 https://www.cfe-dmha.org.