FAMILY Urotrygonidae McEachran et al., 1996 - round stingrays Notes: Urotrygonidae McEachran, Dunn & Miyake, 1996:81 [ref. 32589] (family) Urotrygon GENUS Urobatis Garman, 1913 - round stingrays [=Urobatis Garman [S.], 1913:401] Notes: [ref. 1545]. Fem. Raia (Leiobatus) sloani Blainville, 1816. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Urolophus Müller & Henle, 1837 -- (Cappetta 1987:165 [ref. 6348]). •Valid as Urobatis Garman, 1913 -- (Last & Compagno 1999:1470 [ref. 24639] include western hemisphere species of Urolophus, Rosenberger 2001:615 [ref. 25447], Compagno 1999:494 [ref. 25589], McEachran & Carvalho 2003:573 [ref. 26985], Yearsley et al. 2008:261 [ref. 29691]). Current status: Valid as Urobatis Garman, 1913. Urotrygonidae. Species Urobatis concentricus Osburn & Nichols, 1916 - spot-on-spot round ray [=Urobatis concentricus Osburn [R. C.] & Nichols [J. T.] 1916:144, Fig. 2] Notes: [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 35 (art. 16); ref. 15062] East side of Esteban Island, Gulf of California, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Urobatis concentricus Osburn & Nichols, 1916. Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863) - round stingray [=Urolophus halleri Cooper [J. G.], 1863:95, Fig. 21, Urolophus nebulosus Garman [S.], 1885:41, Urolophus umbrifer Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.], in Jordan, 1895:389] Notes: [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1) v. 3 (sig. 6); ref. 4876] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863). Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: northern California (U.S.A.) to Ecuador. Habitat: marine. (nebulosus) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 8 (no. 482); ref. 14445] Colima, Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863). Urotrygonidae. Habitat: marine. (umbrifer) [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 5; ref. 2394] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Urobatis halleri (Cooper, 1863). Urotrygonidae. Habitat: marine. Species Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1816) - round stingray [= Raia jamaicensis Cuvier [G.], 1816:137, Trygonobatus torpedinus Desmarest [A. G.], 1823:166 [6], Pl. 1 (fig. 1), Urobatis sloani var. vermiculatus Garman [S.], 1913:402, Pl. 29] Notes: [Le Règne Animal v. 2; ref. 993] Jamaica. Current status: Valid as Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1816). Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (torpedinus) [Mémoires de la Société linnéenne de Paris v. 2; ref. 1120] Cuba. Current status: Synonym of Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier 1816). Urotrygonidae. Habitat: marine. (vermiculatus) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Progreso, Yucatán, Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1816). Urotrygonidae. Habitat: marine. Species Urobatis maculatus Garman, 1913 - spotted round ray [=Urobatis maculatus Garman [S.], 1913:404] Notes: [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Gulf of California, Mexico, 31°21'15"N, 113°39'W, Albatross station 3025, depth 9.5 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Urobatis maculatus Garman, 1913. Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Baja California and Gulf of California to central Mexico. Habitat: marine. Species Urobatis marmoratus (Philippi, 1892) - Chilean round stingray [=Urolophus marmoratus Philippi [R. A.] 1892:6, Pl. 2 (figs. 2-3)] Notes: [Anales del Museo Nacional de Chile. Primera seccion, Zoología No. 3; ref. 22759] Quinteros, Chile. Current status: Valid as Urobatis marmoratus (Philippi, 1892). Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Urobatis pardalis Del Moral-Flores et al., 2015 - leopard round stingray [=Urobatis pardalis Del Moral-Flores [L. F. ], Angula [A.], López [M. I.] & Bussing [W. A.], 2015:502, Figs. 1-7] Notes: [Revista de Biología Tropical v. 63 (no. 2); ref. 33729] Playa Escondida, Provincia de Puntarenas, Costa Rica, 9°40'0.0012"N, 84°40'24.6"W. Current status: Valid as Urobatis pardalis Del Moral-Flores, Angula, López & Bussing, 2015. Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica. Habitat: marine. Species Urobatis tumbesensis (Chirichigno F. & McEachran, 1979) - Tumbes round stingray [=Urolophus tumbesensis Chirichigno F. [N.] & McEachran [J. D.], 1979:710, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1979 (no. 4); ref. 20818] Port Pizzaro, Tumbes, Peru. Current status: Valid as Urobatis tumbesensis (Chirichigno F. & McEachran, 1979). Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Peru. Habitat: marine. GENUS Urotrygon Gill, 1863 - round stingrays [=Urotrygon Gill [T. N.], 1863:173] Notes: [ref. 1681]. Fem. Urotrygon mundus Gill, 1863. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Urotrygon Gill, 1863 -- (Nakaya in Masuda et al. 1984:15 [ref. 6441], Compagno 1986:141 [ref. 5648], Miyake & McEachran 1986:291 [ref. 6153], Miyake & McEachran 1988 [ref. 12878], Nishida 1990:98 [ref. 19783], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:67 [ref. 24550], Last & Compagno 1999:1470 [ref. 24639], Compagno 1999:494 [ref. 25589], McEachran & Carvalho 2003:573 [ref. 26985], Yearsley et al. 2008:261 [ref. 29691]). Current status: Valid as Urotrygon Gill, 1863. Urotrygonidae. Species Urotrygon aspidura (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) - spiny-tail round ray [=Urolophus aspidurus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], 1882:307] Notes: [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 1 (for 1881); ref. 2471] Bay of Panama, eastern Pacific. Current status: Valid as Urotrygon aspidura (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882). Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Urotrygon chilensis (Günther, 1872) - Chilean round ray [=Urolophus chilensis Günther [A.], 1872:653, Pl. 53, Urolophus goodei Jordan [D. S.] & Bollman [C. H.], 1890:151] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1871 (pt 3); ref. 1997] Chile. Current status: Valid as Urotrygon chilensis (Günther, 1872). Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (goodei) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 12 (no. 770); ref. 2433] Off Pacific coast of Colombia, 8°06'30"N, 78°51'W, Albatross station 2795, depth 33 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Urotrygon chilensis (Günther, 1872). Urotrygonidae. Habitat: marine. Species Urotrygon cimar López S. & Bussing, 1998 - denticled roundray [=Urotrygon cimar López S. [M. I.] & Bussing [W. A.], 1998:274, Figs. 1-5] Notes: [Revista de Biologia Tropical v. 46 (Suppl. 6); ref. 24917] Off Punta Matapalo, Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. Current status: Valid as Urotrygon cimar López S. & Bussing, 1998. Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Urotrygon microphthalmum Delsman, 1941 - smalleyed round stingray [=Urotrygon microphthalmum Delsman [N. C.], 1941:65, Fig. 8] Notes: [Mémoires du Musée royal d'histoire naturelle de Belgique (Ser. 2) No. 21; ref. 13171] Mouth of Amazon River, Brazil, 1°06'N, 47°53'W, depth 25-30 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Urotrygon microphthalmum Delsman, 1941. Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic, from Venezuela to northeastern Brazil. Habitat: marine. Species Urotrygon munda Gill, 1863 - Munda round ray [=Urotrygon mundus Gill [T. N.], 1863:173, Urolophus asterias Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.], 1883:579, Urotrygon caudispinosus Hildebrand [S. F.], 1946:67, Fig. 14, Urotrygon serrula Hildebrand [S. F.], 1946:65, Fig. 13] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1681] Western coast of Central America. Current status: Valid as Urotrygon munda Gill, 1863. Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (asterias) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 5 (no. 327); ref. 10615] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Current status: Synonym of Urotrygon munda Gill, 1863. Urotrygonidae. Habitat: marine. (caudispinosus) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 189; ref. 2161] Independencia Bay, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Urotrygon munda Gill, 1863. Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Southeastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (serrula) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 189; ref. 2161] Lobos de Tierra Bay, Peru, 6°26'S, 80°51'W. Current status: Synonym of Urotrygon munda Gill, 1863. Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific (if valid). Habitat: marine. Species Urotrygon nana Miyake & McEachran, 1988 - dwarf round ray [=Urotrygon nana Miyake [T.] & McEachran [J. D.], 1988:366, Figs. 1a, 2a] Notes: [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 42 (no. 3); ref. 12878] Chiapas, Mexico. Current status: Valid as Urotrygon nana Miyake & McEachran, 1988. Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Urotrygon peruanus Hildebrand, 1946 - Peruvian stingray [=Urotrygon peruanus Hildebrand [S. F.], 1946:69, Fig. 15] Notes: [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 189; ref. 2161] Paita Bay, Peru. Current status: Valid as Urotrygon peruanus Hildebrand, 1946. Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. Species Urotrygon reticulata Miyake & McEachran, 1988 - reticulate round ray [=Urotrygon reticulata Miyake [T.] & McEachran [J. D.], 1988:368, Figs. 1b, 2b] Notes: [Bulletin of Marine Science v. 42 (no. 3); ref. 12878] Bahia Santelmo, Gulf of Panama, eastern Pacific. Current status: Valid as Urotrygon reticulata Miyake & McEachran, 1988. Urotrygonidae. Distribution: Panama (Pacific). Habitat: marine. Species Urotrygon rogersi (Jordan & Starks, 1895) - Roger's round ray [=Urolophus rogersi Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.], in Jordan, 1895:388, Urotrygon binghami