THE FEDERALIST ERA A BRAND NEW ERA SECTION 1 VOCABULARY Word Definition Something that is done that Precedent becomes an example for others to follow. A group of people who advise the Cabinet president. A certificate that promises Bond repayment in the future. WASHINGTON TAKES OFFICE "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States….so help me God” WASHINGTON TAKES OFFICE 1. Who took the oath of office on April 30, 1789. George Washington 2. Who was the first vice president? John Adams 3. Why was Washington aware of his actions? He will help shape the future, “No slip will go unnoticed” 4. What two standards did Washington set for future presidents. How long a president should serve (2 terms) How to relate to other nations. THE CABINET Position Office Holder Job Description Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson Manages relationships with other nations Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton Manages the nation’s finances and money Henry Knox Secretary of War In charge of national defense Is the head law Attorney General Edmund Randolph enforcement official in the country ESTABLISHING THE COURT SYSTEM Cause Effect Established a federal court Congress passed the Judiciary system below the SCOTUS Act of 1789 THE NEW ECONOMY 1. What two things did Washington focus on in his presidency? 1. Foreign Affairs 2. Military Matters What did both the state and federal governments have now that the war was over? Debt HAMILTON’S PLAN Cause Effect 1. Will make it easier to build national credit Hamilton has a plan for the federal 2. The states would be government to take more interested in over the individual seeing the national state’s debt. government succeed. HAMILTON’S DEBT PLAN WHICH PERSON ARE YOU GOING TO GIVE MONEY TOO? Scenario: You’re a banker who has two people applying for loans, who would you give money too? Person A: Has a history of taking out massive loans and currently has $50,000 in debt. He also has a history of paying back his loans in a timely manner. Person B: Has no debt and has never taken a loan in his life. He has a good job but no credit history. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? You hold a bond (basically an IOU) for $1000. The government is unstable and you’re unsure if you will ever get back the money you loaned to them. What would you do? Scenario A: A speculator offers you 50% of the bonds value. You will walk away with $500 guaranteed! But you will never get the full value of the bond. Scenario B: You hold onto the bond with the hope that someday the government will pay off the full value. However, there is a very real chance that may never happen and you could be left with nothing, THE PLAN FACES OPPOSITION 1.Shopkeepers The groups of people who had 2. Farmers sold their bonds. 3. Soldiers People who bought the bonds Speculators Why was Hamilton’s plan to The original bondholders would pay the current bond holders get nothing! very controversial? Who despised Hamilton’s The southern states (they had paid plan? their debts) COMPROMISE AND A CAPITOL What will the What will Southern states Hamilton do? do? He will support They will putting the new vote for nation’s capital Hamilton’s somewhere in the debt plan South. THE FIGHT FOR A NATIONAL BANK 1. What three purposes would the National Bank serve? 1. Hold government money 2.Make debt payments 3. Issue a national currency Why did Madison and Jefferson oppose the National Bank? 1. Would only help the wealthy 2. Not in the Constitution THE FIGHT FOR A NATIONAL BANK 3. Why did Hamilton propose high tariffs on imports? Will raise money and protect US businesses. 4. Who opposed the tariffs? The South 5. What item made in the US was taxed? Whiskey EARLY CHALLENGES Section 2 TROUBLES IN THE NEW NATION 1. What were the three major problems facing Washington as he took over the presidency? 1. Britain and France want us to get involved in their war. 2. Indians were fighting off westward expansion. 3. The American people were getting unrestful on the frontier THE WHISKEY REBELLION “Liberty with no excise!” THE WHISKEY REBELLION 1. What product made in the United States was taxed? Whiskey 2. How did farmers in western Pennsylvania show their displeasure? 1. Attacked tax collectors 2. Burned down buildings. PROBLEMS IN EUROPE What began in France in 1789? Their own revolution (against their king) What nation went to war Great Britain with France in 1793? How did this conflict 1.Some Americans sided with France divide the United States? 2. What side did Washington want He wanted to stay neutral Americans to take? WASHINGTON STRUGGLES TO STAY NEUTRAL What did French diplomat, Edmund Genet ask the Americans to do? Outfit privateers and attack British shipping 1.America getting involved in the war Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality prohibited these two things 2. No French or British warships in American ports. KEY TERM: IMPRESSMENT (define it) Seizing sailors against their will to serve on enemy ships What did Britain give up in the Jay British troops would withdraw from Treaty? the forts that were on American soil How did Americans react when they heard word of They were outraged and hated it. the Jay Treaty? WASHINGTON STRUGGLES TO STAY NEUTRAL WASHINGTON STRUGGLES TO STAY NEUTRAL “Damn John Jay! Damn everyone who won’t damn John Jay!! Damn everyone that won’t put lights in his windows and sit up all night damning John Jay!!!” PINCKNEY’S TREATY WITH SPAIN 1. What did Thomas Pinckney’s 1795 treaty with Spain give the United States? Access to the Mississippi River and trade in New Orleans WASHINGTON LEAVES OFFICE 1. What did Washington tell Americans to steer clear of in his farewell address? No permanent foreign alliances 2. What else did he see as a threat? People joining political parties. THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES Section 3 THE POLITICAL PARTIES Democratic-Republicans vs The Federalists OPPOSINGThe Federalists PARTIES The Democratic-Republicans Leaders of the Party Alexander Hamilton Thomas Jefferson View of the Constitution Strong Central Government Weak Central Government Merchants, Wealthy, City Folk, Farmers and Most Popular in the Supporters Most popular in the North South and West Foreign Policy Pro British Pro French No National Bank Supports National Bank Domestic Policy No Excise Tax Excise Taxes No Debt National Debt is Good Low or no Tariffs High Tariffs The people should have the largest The elite, educated, and wealthy should View of the People lead the nation. voice Distrusted the common man (Excludes women, free blacks, slaves) PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1796 1. Federalist Presidential Candidates: John Adams and Charles Pinckney 2. Republican Candidates Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr 3. 1796 Election Winner: John Adams 4. 1796 Election Runner-up (VP) Thomas Jefferson THE XYZ AFFAIR How did France punish They started to seize American America for the Jay shipping that were transporting Treaty? cargo to Britain. Instead of meeting with Three French agents demanded a bribe in exchange for not attacking American officials what did US ships. the French officials demand from the Americans? Adams kept the names of the three Why was this situation named, French agents a secret, only “The XYZ Affair”? referring to them as XYZ XYZ AFFAIR “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute!” THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS Someone who lives in a country KEY TERM: ALIEN but is not a citizen Speech that incites people rebel KEY TERM: SEDITION against authority, criticism. What nation did most aliens France support in the 1790’s? THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS Act Results The President may deport or imprison aliens of other nations. The Alien Acts No trial, evidence, or hearing required. People must live in the United States 14 years before becoming a The Naturalization Act citizen. (It was 5 years prior to the act) THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS Act Results It is now illegal to write The Sedition Act anything that criticizes the government. 1. Cutdown on immigration and led to reverse immigration. The results of the Alien and 2. 10 newspaper writers were jailed Sedition Acts 3. The Federalist Party becomes very unpopular 4. Leads to a movement for the states to overturn federal laws. THE ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS.