NE U CONTRIBUTION DE du Tribunal administratif 90 ANS de l’Organisation internationale du Travail à la création d’un droit de la fonction publique internationale 90 YEARS OF CONTRIBUTION of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization to the creation of international civil service law ILO Edited by: Dražen Petrović Administrative TRIBUNAL administratif de l’OIT 35 00 - 3894 3000 - 3500 3000 - 3500 Une contribution de 90 ans du TAOIT / 90 years of contribution of the ILOAT 2500 - 3000 2000 - 2600 1500 - 2500 500 - 1000 11- 500 UNE CONTRIBUTION DE 90 ANS DU TRIBUNAL ADMINISTRATIF DE L’ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DU TRAVAIL À LA CRÉATION D’UN DROIT DE LA FONCTION PUBLIQUE INTERNATIONALE 90 YEARS OF CONTRIBUTION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANIZATION TO THE CREATION OF INTERNATIONAL CIVIL SERVICE LAW Copyright © International Labour Organization 2017 First published 2017 Première édition 2017 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. 90 years of contribution of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization to the creation of international civil service law - Geneva, ILO, 2017 Une contribution de 90 ans du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail à la création d’un droit de la fonction publique internationales. UNE CONTRIBUTION DE 90 ANS ISBN 978-92-2-030688-8 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-030690-1 (web pdf) du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail à la création d’un droit de la fonction publique internationale The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication 90 YEARS OF CONTRIBUTION does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, of the Administrative Tribunal and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. of the International Labour Organization ILO publications and digital products can be obtained through major booksellers and digital distribution platforms, or ordered directly from [email protected]. For more information, visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns or contact [email protected]. to the creation of international civil service law Printed in Switzerland Edited by Dražen Petrovic´ This publication was produced by the Document and Publications Production, Printing and Distribution Branch (PRODOC) of the ILO. Graphic and typographic design, layout and composition, manuscript preparation, copy editing, proofreading, printing, electronic publishing and distribution. PRODOC endeavours to use paper sourced from forests managed in an environmentally sustainable and socially responsible manner. Code: DTP-CORR-PAP-REPRO Geneva/Genève 2017 UNE CONTRIBUTION DE 90 ANS du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail à la création d’un droit de la fonction publique internationale 90 YEARS OF CONTRIBUTION of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization to the creation of international civil service law Edited by Dražen Petrovic´ ILO Administrative TRIBUNAL administratif de l’OIT Geneva/Genève 2017 The organization of an event that would bring together EDITOR’S NOTE in the same room judges of the ILO Administrative Tribunal and legal experts who are concerned by and interested in the case law of the Tribunal was long overdue. This was finally achieved on 5 May 2017. A limited but notable list of panellists included lawyers representing staff unions, complainants, international organizations, as well as judges and legal officers of other courts of justice or administrative tribunals. The participation of some 200 persons in the symposium demonstrates the strong interest that topics concerning international civil service law can trigger. It seemed regrettable not to record the event in writing for those who could not attend the symposium, or who will be dealing with the topics covered by its agenda in the future. That is why the present book is being published. The panellists kindly agreed to revise their The present book arises presentations in a format suitable for a book and I have out of a symposium that to express my deepest gratitude for their high-quality the Administrative Tribunal essays. of the International Labour Most of the panellists are employed by different Organization organized institutions. It goes without saying that the views on 5 May 2017 to celebrate presented in their essays are personal and do not necessarily represent the views of those institutions. the 90 years of its existence and its 125th Session The organization of the symposium would not have held in 2017. been possible without tireless efforts of Ms Fabienne Corsion Offre from the Tribunal’s Registry. The Registry was assisted by the able staff of the ILO Conference Service throughout the symposium and I express my sincere appreciation for their assistance. Many people have helped in the preparation of the book. I am very grateful to all of them for their contribution but let me thank particularly Ms Fabienne Corsion Offre. My thanks go also to Ms Yusra Suedi from Geneva University, who pre-edited and reviewed all texts. I thank also my colleagues from ILO unit PRODOC for their continuing support, availability and great work done in preparation of this book. Dražen Petrovic´ November 2017 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS / TABLE DES MATIÈRES EDITOR’S NOTE ................................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 11 Claude Rouiller ............................................................................13 Guy Ryder ....................................................................................15 Drazˇen Petrovic´ ............................................................................19 Longest-existing international administrative tribunal: History, main characteristics and current challenges PART I / PARTIE I .............................................................................................. 31 The various facets of the law governing the relations between international civil servants and international organisations / Les différents aspects du droit applicable aux relations entre les fonctionnaires internationaux et les organisations internationales Chloé Charbonneau-Jobin ..............................................................33 Tu patere legem quam ipse fecisti : une perspective syndicale Celia Goldman..............................................................................43 Finding the law of the international civil service in the jurisprudence of sister tribunals Dr Christian Rohde .......................................................................53 Organizational practice as a source of law PART II / PARTIE II ............................................................................................ 75 General principles applied by the Tribunal / Principes généraux appliqués par le Tribunal Laurent Germond..........................................................................77 L’omniprésence du devoir de sollicitude dans la jurisprudence récente du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS / TABLE DES MATIÈRES Guido Raimondi ...........................................................................99 La jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme sur le droit de la fonction publique internationale Dr Eva-Maria Gröniger-Voss, A. Kristen Baxter, Arthur Nguyen dao ....109 The principle of acquired rights with particular focus on the jurisprudence of the Administrative Tribunal of the International Labour Organization Jean-Pierre Isselé .......................................................................129 Les leçons à tirer de la pratique de la Cour internationale de Justice en matière de réformation de jugements du Tribunal administratif de l’Organisation internationale du Travail: problèmes soulevés par le principe de l’égalité devant la Cour PART III / PARTIE III ........................................................................................ 135 Milestones of the Tribunal’s case law / Grandes