USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES A quarterlg ol the Secllon of the Social Sciences, USSR Academy of Sciences. Philosopl-ry Founded in 1970. History Published in Moscoa in Englislt, SOCIAL and olso in French, Sciences Socialcs; Economics in G er man, Gesellschaftswissenschaftcn; in Spanish, Ciencias Sociales; Politics and in Portuguesc, CiOncias Sociais Sociology Law The journal is published by agreement: Vol. XII, No. 1 198 1 in Bengali, Philology Sanm j Bijnun (Birrgsha Shatahdi Puhlishcrs, Calcutta, lndia); Psychology in Japanese, ShaPii Kagahu (Shakai Kagaku Co., Ethnography Tokyo, Japan); in Greek, Archaeology Kinonikeis epislemes (Planet Publishers, Athens' CONTENTS Grcece); in Ar abic, Al Ulunr ul-ljtima'iya (Dar al-Farabi Publishers, Beirut, Lebanon); To the Reader in Portuguese, B. PonomarYov The Great Vital Force of Leninism ("Ayantel" Publishers, Lisbon, put out l thc cdition for circulation in PortLrgal). I Developed Socialism: Theoretical AsPects 1he Spanish edition is reprinted in Colombia I bv Centro de Estudios e P. FedoseYev Current Problems of Socio-Economic De- Iivestigaciones Sociales (CEIS) Publishers, Bogota' velopment in the USSR 26 * G. Shakhnazarov The ldeology of Social OPtimism 39 Since 1976 thc Editorial Board lras been V. Medvedev Developed Socialism: Economics, Poli- publishing the jotirnaI Obshchestvennie nauki tics, ldeologY 48 six times a isociat Scienci:s) in Russian. It appears )'ear' A. Anchishkin The Methodology of Prognosticating Economic DeveloPment 58 Norms and* Factual Behaviour 71 I V. Kudryavtsev Legal For subscriptions aPPIY E. Zhukov The Historism of Marxism 81 dcaling rvith to national distributors of Global Problems B9 V/O "MczhdunarodnaYa Kniga" l. Frolov The PhilosoPhY hat are listed at the end o[ this issue. A. MileikovskY New Trends in the Development of State- MonopolY CaPitalism 103 T. Gamkrelidze, The Ancient Middle East and lndo- V. lvanov European Migrations 117 @ Social Sciences, l98l. Reprints authorised s'ith written permission from the Editorial Board V. MezhuYev lntellectual Production as a Tvoe of Social Production 127 "Srrr rrrl .sciences" Edilorinl OlIice, 33112 Arbot, Moscttu 121002, USSR Developing Countries: A. Krasilnikov China and the Developing Countries 242 New Research E. Shlikhter Economic Evaluation of Mineral Deposits 244 G. Smirnov Planning and Socio-Economic Progress 140 Chronicle 247 PROBLEMS OF WAR AND PEACE BOOK REVIEWS R. Faramazyan Military Production: the Problem of Con- M. Mchedlov New Collection of Lenin Documents (Survey) 264 versron 151 V. Fedinin Socla/ist Emulation Among Scientific D/SCUSS'ONS Workers and Engineering Personnel 268 l. Smirnov K. E. Tarasov, E. K. Chernenko, The So- Basic Trends in Modern English and cial Determination of Human Biology 270 American Literature 161 N. Pavlenko A. P. Okladnikov, The Discovery of Siberia 272 CRITICAL STUDIES AND COMMENT M. Manuilsky G. V. Osipov, The Theory and Practice of Sociological Research in the USSR 273 !. Andreyeva Sex, Marriage and the Family: Western Concepts 181 Yu. Bromley A. G. Kharchev, Marriage and the Family in the USSR 276 MAN AND NATURE B. Lisin l. S. Kon, The Psychology ol Young People 277 V. Zakharov Polar lce: Effect or Cause of the Climatic V. Korovikov P. l. Manchkha, Key Problems of Fresent- Change? 197 Day Atrica 279 D. Likhachev A. D. Alexidze, The World of the Greek THE YOUTH AND SOCIETY Romance of Chivalry (13th-14th Cen- turies) 280 l. Levykin, Value Orientations of Young People in Burov F. Burlatsky, Mao Zedong and His Suc- L. Shestakova Socialist Society 207 V. cessors 281 VIEWS AND OPINIONS BIBLIOGRAPHY the V. Gubarev Cosmonauts on Outer Space 215 New Books by Soviet Authors on World Economy and lnternational Rela- S. Zalygin Literature and Nature 225 tions 283 SCIENTIFIC LIFE Contributors to rfli.- frrr" 293 N. Dmitriyevskaya Japan Yearbook 232 Our Glossary 296 Academician N. Druzhinin-Lenin Prize Our Mailbag 298 Winner 235 Scientific Thematic Collections 300 Congresses . Conferences . List of Distributors 30'1 Symposiums The Epoch of Triumphant Leninism 236 V. Balmashnov A Forum of Researchers into the Labour Movement 239 It- EDITORIAL COUNCIL To the Reader Fedoseyev P. N., Academician, Chairman Grigulevich L R., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences, Deputy Chairman This century has seen the appearance of man) dit't'erent social theories. Maslova N. I., Executive Secretary Some haue passed un,noticed, others haae been short-h,ued,. It is a specr,ftc feature of Marxism-Leninrsm that, with the passage of time, it finds euer more conuincing corroboretion and euer broader Members recognxtxon. InsJtired, by this theorl, the CPSU consistentl) guides itseLf by it i'n its Afanasyev V. G., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; home and policy. In his report at the CPSU CC Plenary Meeting Member, foret,gn Arbatov G. A., Academician; Bogomolov O. T., Corresponding of 1980, uhich ad,opted a d,ectsron to hold the 26th Congress of the Yu. V., Academician; Frolov I. T., June USSR Academy of Sciences; Bromley Party, Leonid Brezhneu emphasised: "Peace is of a lasting ualue for Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Gapochka M. P., mankind. It uas Lenin uho raised the banner of peace and cooperation Cand. Sc. (Philos.); Gromyko An. A., D. Sc. (Hist.); Guryev I. E., Cand. among nations. We shall be true to that banner." Sc. (Econ.); Gvishiani J. M., Academician; Inozemtsev N. N., Academi- Academi,ci,an B. Ponomaryov, Alternate Member of the Politi,cal cian; Kapustin E. I., Corresponding Member, USSR Acaderny of Sciences; Bureau, Secretary of the CPSU Central Comrnittee, deuotes his artitle to Khachaturov T. S., Acadernician; Khrapchenko M. B., Academician; the great uitaliry ol Leninism. Khromov S. S., D. Sc. (Hist.); Kornkov G. D., D. Sc' (Hist.); Kostyush- ko I. I., D. Sc. (Hist.); Koval B. I., D. Sc. (Hist.); Kovalchenko I. D., Developed Socialism: Theoretical Aspects Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Krivtsov V. A.' D. Sc. (Hist.); (Hist.); Kumanev V. A., D. Sc. (Hist.); Kuznetsov D. V., Cand. Sc. The central part of thi,s issue uhich uil,l appear on the ette of the 26th Markov D. F., Corresponding Member', USSR Acaclemy of Sciences; Congress of the CPSLT, a major eaent in the Life of the USSR, treats of M. Sc. (Philos.); Momdjan Kh. N., D. Sc. (Philos.); Mcledlov P., D. aarious {acets ,f the socletj of detteloped sociali,sm: Acad,emi,tian Narochnitsky A. L., Academiciztn; Okladnikov A. P., Acaderniciart; P. Fedoseyev anaLyses topr,t:al socio-economic probLems of our sotiety Piotrovsky B. B., Academician; Prirnakov E. M., Ac:rdernician; whilh is simuLtaneously a stage withtn the sociali'st phase and' a stage i,n Semyonov V. S., D. Sc. (Philos.); Shaposhnikov V. S.; Shiryaev Yu. S.' D- communist construction. President of the Soui'et PoLitical Sciences Sc. (Econ.); Sobolev A. I., D. Sc. (Philos.); Tikhvinsky S. L., Corresponding Associati.on G. Shakhnazarov emphasises the social optimi,sm of the Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Timofeyev T. T., Corresponding system of ui,eus uhich is based on the Marxist-Leninist theorl and Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Trukhanovsky V. G., Corresponding consti,tutes the uorld, outl,ook of the uorhing (:Lass. V. Medvedev, Rector Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Udaltsova Z. V., Corresponding ol the of Su nl Commitlee. Menrber, USSR Acaclerny of Sciences; Vinogradov V. A., Corresponding deuelo sofa gtheProcesses Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Volsky V. V., D. Sc. (Econ.); of the soci,a of the Lit'e of Zhilin P. A., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Scicnces. organi,sed by the Inostrannaya literatura journaL (No. 10, 1979). S. Zalygin, a uell-knoun Souiet nouelist, shous the keen interest of Soriet uri,ters in the pressing issues of nature protection. Interdisciplinary Research Correspondi:ng Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences T. Gam- krelidze and" Y. Ivanov try to define, in the light of the latest findings and data of ethnoli.nguistics, the territories where the bearers of the The Methodology of Social Science. Indo-European farent language used to liue. Y. Zakharov summarises Contemporary History the uieus of oceanographers about the influence of polar ice on the Hi.stori.sm as a of the pfroach to the stud'y changes ol the climate. of nature and socie of the I ade by A-cademirian i,. ZJrnlftov (1907 annual eeting of the USSR Sociology I. Levykin and L. Shestakova comment on the dynamics of the ralue orientations of uarious groups of Soaiet young people i.n the conditions of deueloped, socialism. The crisi,s phenomena i,n fami,ly life i,n Western countries and uartous concepts in the sphere of sex, marri,age and the family are analysed, Dy I. Andreyeva. corresltondent, about uorld-famous Soaiet cosmonauts. Philosophy Subsequent issues of our journal will carry articles by leadi,ng Souiet experts in scientifit: communi,sm, Marxist-Leninist philosophy, sociology, economics, etc., on the uide range of tolti.cs that uill be discussed at the forlhcoming forum of Soui,et Communi,sts. Each Congress of the CPSU opened up neu uistas before our Party, country and science. Soaiet scientists, uho are arlong the most actiae contributors to the deuelopment of our soctety, express firm confidence that the forthcoming congress, as Leonid Brezhnea noted, will be no exception, \r. Mezhuyev. as it uill determine the new landmarks of communist construction in the years to come. Economics The Editors Culture and Literature Thrs issue carries a reuieu of the "round-table" d,r,scussion on the basrc trends in modern Engltsh and, American literature, which uas 6 Leninism has made such a powerful impact on the course of history that any attempts to ignore it, to localise its role or to confine it to the past are, theoretically, pitiable and, politically, reactionaly and are doomed to failure. Our century has seen the appearance of hundreds of diverse social theories.