INDEX Note: The Arabic letters ʿ and ʾ, as well as the Arabic definite article al- are ignored alpha- betically. Abaq (Uvaq) of Damascus 144, 164, 165, Baldwin II and 114 167, 169, 173, 283 Byzantine siege of 139, 141, 183 Abbasids 170, 198, 235, 279, see also ‘counter-Crusade’ 107–21 names of individual Caliphs Damascus and 18, 71, 102–3, 150, 169 Abu al-ʿAsakir Sultan of Shayzar 42 Edessa and 111, 148 Abu Bakr al-Hajib, envoy 264 governor of 15 Abu al-Fada ʾil b. Badiʿ, Ra ʾis 119, 124 Jerusalem and 150 Abu al-Fath, Qadi of Sarmin 68 Mosul and 123, 127, 129–31 Abu Shama 61, 128 rapprochement with Hims 71 Abu Tahir (Aleppo) 69 Saladin and 213, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, Acre 14, 76, 77, 79, 81, 97, 132, 147, 248, 233–4, 236, 237, 239, 241, 242, 243–4, 258, 262–3, 295 245, 246, 267 Adhemar of Le Puy, Bishop 21, 25, 29 siege of 119–20, 129 al-ʿAdid, Fatimid Caliph 188, 191, 197, tribute paid by 64, 66, 68, 102, 108–9 198, 305 Turkish detachment from 40 al-ʿAdil, see al-Malik al-ʿAdil (brother of Alexander, legate 25 Saladin) Alexander III, Pope 244 al-ʿAdl, envoy 259 Alexandria, city of 189, 191, 193, 206, 213 al-Afdal, Fatimid Wazir 17, 35, 36, 44, Alexius Comnenus, Emperor 21, 23, 24–5, 45–50, 51–3, 56, 84–5, 88, 268, 287 26, 43, 47, 52, 54 ʿAfrin, river 249 ʿAli b. Muqallid b. Munqidh 11–12 Agnes of Courtenay 231 ʿAli b. Wafa ʾ of Masyaf 161 ahdath see militia Alice of Antioch 133, 134 Ahmad b. Marwan (Antioch) 33, 35 Almohads 240 Ahmad-Il of Maragha 96 Alp Arslan of Aleppo 125 ʿAkkar (Hisn)/Gibelacar 87 Alphonse-Jourdain of Toulouse, Count Akshehir see Philomelium 155, 160–1 Al Jarrah, tribe 87 Altintash, governor of Hawran 84, 151–4, Albara see al-Bara 166 Albert of Aix 34, 37, 38, 39, 67, 282, 307 Amalric I, King of Jerusalem 59, 177–8, on Baldwin 86 179, 184, 186, 193–201, 203, 210, 212, 214, on Bohemond 68, 284 219, 226, 244, 283, 288–9, 296, 298, 310 on Famiya treaty 69 death of 205–6, 213, 216, 221 on Frankish-Fatimid treaties 76, 77, embassy to Constantinople led by 78, 79 209, 211 on Latin terminology in treaties 296, Fatimid alliance 298 297 grant of iqtaʿ 288, 289 on treatment of Muslim population siege of Baniyas 215–16 81, 82 titles 206 on treaty between Baldwin and Ertash treaty with Egypt 283 84 treaty with Manuel Comnenus 222 on Tughtegin’s attack on Sidon 89 Amalric II, King of Jerusalem 309 Aleppo 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 56, 91, aman (guarantee of safety) 41, 45, 69, 81, 93, 98, 99, 101, 231, 270, 283, 313 90, 278, 293, 295, 300 Antioch and 63–70, 91, 102, 103, 111, Ambroise 259, 307 221, 224, 234, 243 amicitia 46, 123, 277, 284, 296, 297 346 index Amid/Diyar Bakr 12 Arnulf of Chocques, legate 25, 73 al-ʿAmid Mukhtar al-Din, Ra ʾis 205 ʿArqa/Archis 28, 45, 46, 49, 52, 53, 54 ʿAmmar, Banu (Tripoli) 43, 65, see also siege of (1099) 24–5, 27, 41, 42, 43, Fakhr al-Mulk; Jalal al-Mulk 207, 281 ʿAmrun of Kahf 20 Arslantash of Sinjar 93 Anatolia 12, 21, 23, 26, 47, 95, 116, 148, 170, Arsuf/Arsur 76, 77, 78, 81, 134, 263 184, 208, 230 Artah/Artasia, battle of (1191) 65 Antartus/Tortosa 43, 80, 137 Artuq, Amir 14 Antioch, principality of 11, 13, 14, 18, Artuqids of Jerusalem 19, 48, 49, 50, 72, 25–6, 28, 40, 48, 93, 94, 99, 113, 123, 138, 76–80, 116, 117, 124, 129, 142, 183, 220, 221 265, 270 Arzaghan/Arcican 249 Aleppo and 63–70, 91, 102, 103, 111, 221, Arzan al-Rum 285–6 224, 234, 243 Ascalon 10, 48, 52, 73, 77, 78, 81, 84–6, 89, alliance policy of 151 90, 105, 122, 134, 146–7, 165, 166, 171, 258, Ayyubid sovereignty over 290 260, 265, 287, 312 Baldwin II and 112, 114, 122, 127, 133 Asfuna, attack on (1104) 71, 130 Byzantines and 184 asylum 69–70, 124, 125, 152, see also capture of 21, 35, 36 refuge Edessa and 66, 70, 71, 116, 122, 127, 148, atabegs 16n30, 17, 72, 76, 83, 93, 128, 224 137, 152, see also Mawdud; Tughtegin; governor of 16 Bazwaj Hospitallers and 226–7 al-Atharib/Cerepum 66, 108, 110, 111–12, Jerusalem and 122, 166, 178, 231–2 113, 118, 129, 130, 142 Leon II and 270 Atiya, A.S. 92 Nizaris and 161, 162 Atsiz b. Abaq, Amir 10–11, 80, 88, 100, 193 Nur al-Din and 175, 182, 207, 208 al-ʿAwasim 64 patriarch of 65, 121, 190–1, 313 Ayaz b. Ilghazi 97 pillaged 108 Ayla/Elim 204 raids on Shayzar 111 Aytegin, governor of Busra 84–5 reduced territory of 146 Ayyubids 2, 51, 60, 128, 131, 176 Ridwan and 101 expansionism 213–45 Saladin and 242 Franks and 246–67, 270–1 siege of 24, 27, 54, 139 Jerusalem and 205, 312 and siege of Harim 223 power struggles 268, 274, 275 Tancred’s regency of 64, 65, 73 propaganda 62 Turkish lord of 33 suzerainty 243, 252, 259, 262, 266 Tyre and 122 in thirteenth century 269–75, see also Zengids 135–6, 168, 175, see also Saladin Bohemond I etc ʿAzaz/Hazor 38–9, 40, 64, 65, 67, 102, 108, Antiquity 31, 32, 277 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 118, 119, 220 Apamea see Famiya al-ʿAzimi 137, 147 al-Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem 207, 242 Aqsunqur al-Bursuqi of Mosul 98–9, Babalu, fortress of 148 102–5, 110–11, 112, 116, 118–20, 123, 125 Badr al-Dawla Sulayman 110, 112, 119 Aqsunqur of Aleppo 15, 16 Badr al-Jamali, Fatimid Wazir 14, 193 al-ʿArayma/Arima 160, 161, 162, 163 Badran b. Sadaqa 124 Archis see ʿArqa Baghdad 15, 67, 98–100, 102, 109, 141–3, Arcican see Arzaghan 150, 170, 198, 226, 228, 235, 236, 239, 240, al-ʿArish 232 241, 279 Armenia 19, 37, 44, 85, 96, 116, 127, 160, Bahram, Fatimid Wazir 197 183, 206, 259, 270, 275 Bahram, leader of the Nizaris 120 armistices 34, 67–8, 78, 87, 108, 112, 118, Baʿlabakk 14n22, 72, 83–5, 100, 128, 132, 119, 138, 153, 162, 171, 172, 238, 278, 282, 138, 143, 144, 146, 149, 165, 169–70, 175, 285, 286, 290, see also truces 217, 226, 279.