CARGILL & SOY (1940-2020) 1 HISTORY OF CARGILL’S WORK WITH SOYBEANS AND SOY INGREDIENTS (1940-2020): EXTENSIVELY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCEBOOK Compiled by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi 2020 Copyright © 2020 by Soyinfo Center CARGILL & SOY (1940-2020) 2 Copyright (c) 2020 by William Shurtleff & Akiko Aoyagi All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information and retrieval systems - except for use in reviews, without written permission from the publisher. Published by: Soyinfo Center P.O. Box 234 Lafayette, CA 94549-0234 USA Phone: 925-283-2991 www.soyinfocenter.com ISBN 9781948436229 (new ISBN Cargill without hyphens) ISBN 978-1-948436-22-9 (new ISBN Cargill with hyphens) Printed 17 July 2020 Price: Available on the Web free of charge Search engine keywords: History of Cargill, Inc. History of Cargill Inc.’s Work with Soy History of Cargill Inc.’s Work with Soybeans History of Cargill and Soy History of Cargill and Soybeans Bibliography of Cargill, Inc. Bibliography of Cargill Inc.’s Work with Soy Bibliography of Cargill Inc.’s Work with Soybeans Bibliography of Cargill and Soy Bibliography of Cargill and Soybeans Chronology of Cargill, Inc. Chronology of Cargill Inc.’s Work with Soy Chronology of Cargill Inc.’s Work with Soybeans Chronology of Cargill and Soy Chronology of Cargill and Soybeans Timeline of Cargill, Inc. Timeline of Cargill Inc.’s Work with Soy Timeline of Cargill Inc.’s Work with Soybeans Timeline of Cargill and Soy Timeline of Cargill and Soybeans Copyright © 2020 by Soyinfo Center CARGILL & SOY (1940-2020) 3 Contents Page Dedication and Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................................. 4 Introduction and Brief Chronology, by William Shurtleff .......................................................................................... 5 About This Book ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Abbreviations Used in This Book ................................................................................................................................ 10 How to Make the Best Use of This Digital Book - Three Keys ................................................................................. 11 Full-Page Graphics ................................................................................................................................................. 13-15 Introducing Soyinfo Center .......................................................................................................................................... 16 History of Cargill’s Work with Soy: 641 References in Chronological Order ........................................................ 17 Contains 49 Photographs and Illustrations Subject/Geographical Index by Record Numbers ................................................................................................... 309 Last Page of Index ....................................................................................................................................................... 345 Copyright © 2020 by Soyinfo Center CARGILL & SOY (1940-2020) 4 DEDICATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Japanese translation and maps: Akiko Aoyagi Shurtleff. This book is dedicated to Cargill, Inc. Loma Linda University, Del E. Webb Memorial Library (Seventh-day Adventist): Janice Little, Trish Chapman. We would also like to thank our co-workers and friends at Soyinfo Center who, since 1984, have played a major role in Part of the enjoyment of writing a book lies in meeting collecting the documents, building the library, and producing people from around the world who share a common interest, the SoyaScan database from which this book is printed: and in learning from them what is often the knowledge or skills acquired during a lifetime of devoted research or Irene Yen, Tony Jenkins, Sarah Chang, Laurie Wilmore, practice. We wish to give deepest thanks... Alice Whealey, Simon Beaven, Elinor McCoy, Patricia McKelvey, Claire Wickens, Ron Perry, Walter Lin, Dana Scott, Jeremy Longinotti, John Edelen, Alex Lerman, Lydia Of the many libraries and librarians who have been of great Lam, Gretchen Muller, Joyce Mao, Luna Oxenberg, Joelle help to our research over the years, several stand out: Bouchard, Justine Lam, Joey Shurtleff, Justin Hildebrandt, Michelle Chun, Olga Kochan, Loren Clive, Marina Li, University of California at Berkeley: John Creaser, Lois Rowyn McDonald, Casey Brodsky, Hannah Woodman, Farrell, Norma Kobzina, Ingrid Radkey. Elizabeth Hawkins, Molly Howland, Jacqueline Tao, Lynn Hsu, Brooke Vittimberga, Tanya Kochan, Aanchal Singh. Northern Regional Library Facility (NRLF), Richmond, California: Martha Lucero, Jutta Wiemhoff, Scott Miller, Special thanks to: Tom and Linda Wolfe of Berwyn Park, Virginia Moon, Kay Loughman. Maryland; to Lorenz K. Schaller of Ojai, California; and to Wayne Dawson (genealogist) of Tucson, Arizona. Stanford University: Molly Molloy, who has been of special help on Slavic-language documents. For outstanding help on this Cargill book we thank: Greg C. Lauser, Bill Limpert, Brett Almquist, Lowell Andreas, National Agricultural Library: Susan Chapman, Kay Derr, Clyde Boismenue, Bruce Bruemmer, Daniel Chajuss, Del Carol Ditzler, John Forbes, Winnifred Gelenter, Henry Craig, Sally Sinaiko Dogon, C. Louis Kingsbaker, Bill Gilbert, Kim Hicks, Ellen Knollman, Patricia Krug, Lester, Roger Leysen, Mark Messina, Edwin W. Meyer, Sarah Lee, Veronica Lefebvre, Julie Mangin, Ellen Mann, Michael Richards, David Saunders, Brenda Stubby, Paul Josephine McDowell, Wayne Olson, Mike Thompson, Vajda, Armin Wendel, and Walter Wolf. Tanner Wray. Finally our deepest thanks to Tony Cooper of San Ramon, Library of Congress: Ronald Jackson, Ronald Roache. California, who has kept our computers up and running since Sept. 1983. Without Tony, this series of books on the Web Lane Medical Library at Stanford University. would not have been possible. Contra Costa County Central Library and Lafayette Library: This book, no doubt and alas, has its share of errors. These, Carole Barksdale, Kristen Wick, Barbara Furgason, Sherry of course, are solely the responsibility of William Shurtleff. Cartmill, Linda Barbero. This bibliography and sourcebook was written with the Harvard University’s Five Botanical Libraries (especially hope that someone will write a detailed and well-documented Arnold Arboretum Library): Jill Gelmers Thomas. history of this subject. French translation: Martine Liguori of Lafayette, California, for ongoing, generous, and outstanding help since the early 1980s. Dutch translation: Sjon Welters. French translation Elise Kruidenier. German translation Philip Isenberg, Copyright © 2020 by Soyinfo Center CARGILL & SOY (1940-2020) 5 INTRODUCTION Brief Chronology/Timeline of Cargill’s Work with Soy Land O’Lakes]). 1865 – Cargill is founded by William Wallace Cargill when 1945 – Cargill acquires from Honeymead solvent extraction he buys a grain fl at house in Conover, Iowa. In 1865 Cargill plants in Spencer and Cedar Rapids (west), Iowa. The has 1 employee and operates in 1 country. solvent-extraction process is used in modern plants today. Dwayne Andreas, later of ADM fame, resigned as vice- president of Honeymead to become general manager of Cargill’s Cedar Rapids operations; Soon Andreas was promoted to a vice-president of Cargill and moved to Cargill’s main offi ce in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Cargill’s president, John H. MacMillan Jr., offered him a 4 percent stock interest. Andreas remained for seven years, making a $400,000 after-tax profi t when he sold his stock back to the company. In the process he traveled widely and learned how 1930 – New logo. Cargill has 400 employees in 4 countries. a global company works. 1945 – New logo. 3320 employees - 4 countries. 1943 Jan. – This month Cargill’s Feed Department announces the purchase of the soybean crushing mill and feed plant of the Iowa Milling Co. in Cedar Rapids, Iowa (Cargill News, p. 2). The mill is in operation by the end of January. 1947 – Cargill opens a soybean crushing plant at Savage, Minnesota (Lauser). 1943 Oct. 11 – Cargill announces the purchase from the Illinois Soy Products Company of their soybean plant, 1949 – Cargill now publishes a periodical titled Cargill Crop elevator, and offi ce building at Springfi eld, Illinois (Cargill Bulletin. News, Oct. p. 16). Cargill started operating this plant on Oct. 13 (Cargill News, Nov. p. 3-6). The plant uses expellers to 1950 – Cargill builds its fi rst plant specifi cally designed to crush the soybeans. crush soybeans in Chicago to serve domestic oil and meal Note: The Decatur Daily Review (Associated Press) markets. In 1956, a refi nery was built adjacent to the crushing says this plant was sold to Cargill on Oct. 26. The sale plant that produces industrial refi ned non-edible oil used in “was announced last night by I.D. Sinaiko, president and paints and other protective coatings and in vinyl products manager of the local fi rm since it was established in 1935. (Lauser). Details of the transaction were not disclosed. The plant has a processing capacity of a million bushels of soybeans a year.” 1953 – New logo. 4108 employees - 6 countries. 1943 Oct. 13 – Effective today, Cargill, Inc., purchases the Plymouth Processing