1/2 UNGULATES (Hoofed mammals) Non-Ruminants, Ruminants Horns, Antlers (Where Noted: *,**) Non-Ruminants Ruminants (Cud-chewing) Order: PERISSODACTYLA (Odd-toed) Order: ARTIODACTYLA (Even-toed) Family: Equidae – asses, horses, zebras Sub-Order: Tylopoda Family: Tapiridae – tapirs Family: Camelidae – camels, llamas, alpacas, guanacos, vicunas Family: Rhinocerotidae – rhinoceroses Sub-Order: Ruminantia “Pseudo-horn”: Family: Tragulidae – mouse deer, chevrotains 1. Dermal origin composed of hard, compact bundles of keratin. Family: Moschidae – musk deer ( NO bony core) Family: ** Cervidae – ANTLERS 2. Outgrowth of skin on nose deer, muntjacs and moose ( NO connection to bones of skull) - on males only caribou and reindeer Order: ARTIODACTYLA (Even-toed) - on both males and females Sub-Order: Suiformes Family: Giraffidae – giraffes, okapis Family: Suidae – wild pigs, warthogs, boars “Pseudo-horns”: short, simple, knobby protuberances on heads of both males and Family: Tayussidae – peccaries females, covered with skin and hair; NOT with a keratin sheath. Family: Hippopotamidae – hippopotamuses Family: * Antilocapridae – HORNS American pronghorn antelopes Horns on males and females; sheath is shed and regrown annually; core remains; branched; forked Ungulates 2/2 Ruminants (Cud-chewing) Order: ARTIODACTYLA (Even-toed) Sub-Order: Ruminantia Family: * Bovidae – HORNS Antelopes, bison, sheep, goats, cattle, buffalo, bushbucks, elands, yaks, springboks, dik-diks, bongos, chamois, blesboks, musk oxen, big- horn sheep, duikers, kudus, gazelles Horns on both males and females (more or less); bony core with keratin sheath; permanent; unbranched; unforked; usually growing continually. ANTLERS ** HORNS * DIFFERENCES 1. Made entirely of bone 1. Bony core, keratin sheath covering 2. Shed and regrown yearly 2. Permanent throughout life 3. At least one branch: in many, 3. Unbranched, unforked numerous branches (except ANTILOCAPRIDAE) 4. Family: Cervidae 4. Family: Antilocapridae, Bovidae SIMILARITIES 1. Outgrowths of frontal bones of skull 2. Offensive and defensive weapons (“social organs”) 3. Order ARTIODACTYLA and Suborder Ruminantia Prepared/Updated By Docent: Judy Ehrman Date: 7/1/00 .