Auburn University Crops: Soybean Research Report 2013 & 2014 Research Report No. 45 Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, 2015 Art Appel, Director Auburn University Auburn, AL 1 Authors Y. Feng Professor D. Bailey Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Graduate student Auburn University, AL Entomology and Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL J. P. Fulton Associate Professor K. Balkcom Biosystems Engineering National Soil Dynamics Lab Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL W. Griffith A. Brooke County Extension Coordinator Technician I Fayette County Biosystems Engineering Auburn University, AL M. Hall Extension Specialist C. H. Burmester Renewable Fuels, Agronomist Alabama Cooperative Extension System Tennessee Valley Research and Auburn, AL Extension Center Belle Mina, AL J. Howe Associate Professor K. Conner Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Extension Specialist Auburn University, AL Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL C. Hicks D. Delaney Regional Extension Agent, I Extension Specialist Alabama Cooperative Extension System Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn, AL Auburn University, AL G. Huluka M. Delaney Associate Professor Entomology & Plant Pathology Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL D. Derrick K.S. Lawrence Regional Extension Agent III Professor Cherokee County Entomology and Plant Pathology Centre, AL Auburn University, AL C. Dillard P.L. Mask Extension Specialist Asst. Director Agriculture, Forestry and Cooperative Extension System National Resources Auburn University, AL Assistant Dean for Extension Auburn University, AL P. Donald Adjunct Professor Entomology and Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL 2 C.C. Mitchell M. Runge Extension Specialist Professor Extension Program Associate Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Agricultural Economics & Rural Sociology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL C.D. Monks E. Sikora Professor and Extension Specialist Extension Specialist Professor Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Plant Pathology Extension Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL J. Murphy R. H. Smith Professor Professor and Extension Spec., Emeritus Plant Pathology Entomology and Plant Pathology Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL M. Patterson D. B. Weaver Professor Professor Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Auburn University, AL Auburn University, AL A. Price R. Yates National Soil Dynamics Lab Regional Extension Agent III Linden, AL Auburn University L. Zhang T. Reed Research Fellow IV Extension Specialist Entomology & Plant Pathology Franklin County Auburn University, A Russellville, AL 3 Table of Contents I. Cultural Management Improving Soil Quality, 2013. ........................................................................................................ 7 Improving Soil Quality, 2014 ......................................................................................................... 9 Soybean Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, 2013. ...................................................... 12 Soybean Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, 2014. ...................................................... 13 Soybean Production Tools for Alabama, 2013. ............................................................................ 14 Yield Response to Seeding Rates for Soybeans, 2013. ................................................................ 17 II. Fertilizer Management Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Roundup Ready Soybean, 2013. ................................................ 19 III. Weed Management Herbicide Resistance Management in Conservation-Tillage Soybean, 2013. .............................. 20 On-farm Management of Herbicide Resistant Weeds,2013. ........................................................ 23 IV. Disease Management Evaluation of Fungicides for Control of Asian Soybean Rust and Other Foliar Diseases of Soybeans, 2013. ............................................................................................................................ 24 Monitoring for Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus, a New Disease of Soybean in Alabama, 2014. ... 28 Determining the Relationship of Soybean Vein Necrosis Virus with Morning Glory and other Weeds in Soybean Fields in Alabama, 2014. ............................................................................... 29 Identifying Soybean rust-resistant & Susceptible Kudzu Populations to Increase Monitoring Efficiency, 2013. ........................................................................................................................... 30 Identifying Soybean rust-resistant & Susceptible Kudzu Populations to Increase Monitoring Efficiency, 2014. ........................................................................................................................... 31 Monitoring for Fungicide-resistant Strains of Frogeye Leaf Spot in Alabama, 2013. ................. 32 Monitoring for Fungicide-resistant Strains of Frogeye Leaf Spot in Alabama, 2014 .................. 33 Evaluation of Fungicide Programs with Large-Scale Strip Tests, 2014. ...................................... 34 V. Nematode Management Soil Type and Irrigation Effects on Reniform Nematode Damage to Soybeans, 2013. ............... 35 Soil Type and Irrigation Effects On Reniform Nematode Damage To Soybeans, 2014. ............. 38 Identification of Soybean Cyst Nematode “Races” in Alabama, 2013. ....................................... 40 Soybean Variety Trial with Nematicides to Boost Yield Potential, 2013. ................................... 41 Soybean Variety Trials with Nematicides to Boost Yield Potential, 2014. .................................. 44 Root-knot Nematode Species Identification for soybeans, 2014. ................................................. 46 4 VI. Insect Management Determining Optimal Timing For Kudzu Bug Insecticide Applications To Soybeans To Prevent Yield Loss And Maximize Soybean Profits, 2013. ...................................................................... 47 Determining Optimal Timing for Kudzu Bug Insecticide Applications to Soybeans to Prevent Yield Loss and Maximize Soybean Profits, 2014. ........................................................................ 49 Effects of Dimilin on Soybean Insect Pest Populations and Yields, 2013. .................................. 51 Determining the Economic Threshold at Different Stages of Soybean Development for 3- Cornered Alfalfa Hoppers Infesting Double Cropped Soybeans, 2013. ....................................... 52 Effect of Planting Date on Kudzu Bug Infestation Level and Economic Loss in Alabama Soy Beans, 2013. .................................................................................................................................. 54 Effect of Planting Date on Kudzu Bug Infestation Level and Economic Loss in Alabama Soybeans at Prattville, AL in 2014 ............................................................................................... 56 Determining Which Insecticide Provides the Most Cost-Effective Control of Soybean Loopers Infesting Soybeans,2013. .............................................................................................................. 58 Efficacy of Select Insecticides in Controlling Kudzu Bugs and a Complex of Caterpillars Infesting Soybeans at Brewton, AL in 2014 ................................................................................. 59 VII. Technology Maintenance and Expansion of the ACES/Auburn Univ. Web Site for Alabama Crops, 2013 ... 62 VIII. Long-term Rotations “Continued Support of Long-term Research – THE OLD ROTATION” 2013. .......................... 63 “Continued Support of Long-term Research – THE OLD ROTATION” 2014 ........................... 64 “Continued Support of Long-term Research – CULLARS ROTATION” 2013. ......................... 66 “Continued Support of Long-term Research – CULLARS ROTATION” 2014 .......................... 67 5 Acknowledgements This publication is a joint contribution of Auburn University, the Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, and the USDA Agricultural Research Service and National Soil Dynamics Laboratory. Research contained in the AU crops research reports was partially funded through the Alabama Cotton Commission, the Alabama Wheat and Feed Grains Producers, the Alabama Soybean Producers and private industry grants. All funding is appreciated. Confidential Report Publication, display or distribution of data contained herein should not be made without prior written approval. Mention of a trademark product does not constitute a guarantee of the product by Auburn University and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products. 6 I. Cultural Management Improving Soil Quality, 2013. C. C. Mitchell and G. Huluka COOPERATORS: Extension Agronomy Team, Extension Commercial Horticulture Team OBJECTIVE: (1) develop a reasonable soil quality/soil productivity index that can be used on routine soil samples, (2) make producers aware of soil quality and how it influences productivity and sustainability and (3) adopt practices that will increase the soil quality index over time. 2013 ACTIVITIES/ACCOMPLISHMENT: In August, 2013, Ms. Tabby Bosarge, graduate research assistant, began work on this project as the focus of her M.S. degree program. Prior to this time, only a few samples had been collected for analysis. Since then, over 200 soil samples have been collected from on-going research projects and farmers’ fields to be used to evaluate components of