The EZRA POUND Encyclopedia Demetres P. Tryphonopoulos Stephen J. Adams Editors Greenwood Press The EZRA POUND Encyclopedia The EZRA POUND Encyclopedia Edited by Demetres P. Tryphonopoulos and Stephen J. Adams Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Ezra Pound encyclopedia / edited by Demetres P. Tryphonopoulos and Stephen J. Adams. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–30448–3 (alk. paper) 1. Pound, Ezra, 1885–1972—Encyclopedias. 2. Poets, American—20th century—Biography— Encyclopedias. 3. Critics—United States—Biography—Encyclopedias. I. Tryphonopoulos, Demetres P., 1956– II. Adams, Stephen, 1945– . PS3531.O82Z459 2005 811'.52—dc22 2004028176 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2005 by Demetres P. Tryphonopoulos and Stephen J. Adams All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004028176 ISBN: 0–313–30448–3 First published in 2005 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 Copyright Acknowledgments The editors and publisher gratefully acknowledge permission to use excerpts from the following material: Published poetry and prose by Ezra Pound used by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation. Unpublished material by Ezra Pound © 2005 by Mary de Rachewiltz and Omar S. Pound. Ma Virgilio n’avea lasciati scemi di sé, Virgilio dolcissimo patre . For Hugh Kenner (1923–2003) and Carroll F. Terrell (1917–2003) Contents List of Entries ix Preface xv The Encyclopedia 1 Selected Bibliography 311 Index 321 About the Contributors 335 List of Entries ABC of Economics 1 Bollingen Prize for Poetry 21 ABC of Reading 2 Bunting, Basil (1900–1985) 22 Active Anthology 3 The Cantos: Introduction 24 Agamemnon [posthumous] 4 The Cantos: The Ur-Cantos 26 Agresti, Olivia Rossetti (1875–1961) 5 The Cantos: A Draft of XXX Cantos 26 Aldington, Richard (1892–1962) 5 The Cantos: Eleven New Cantos Alfred Venison’s Poems 6 XXXI–XLI 30 America, Roosevelt and the Causes of The Cantos: The Fifth Decad of Cantos the Present War 6 XLII–LI 33 American History: Colonial to The Cantos: Cantos LII–LXI 37 Nineteenth Century 6 The Cantos: Cantos LXII–LXXI 38 American History: Twentieth Century 8 The Cantos: Cantos LXXII–LXXIII 39 American Literature: Colonial to The Cantos: The Pisan Cantos Nineteenth Century 10 LXXIV–LXXXIV 41 American Literature: Twentieth The Cantos: Section: Rock-Drill de los Century 11 Cantares LXXXV–XCV 43 Anglo-Saxon Translation 12 The Cantos: Thrones de los Cantares Antheil, George (1900–1959) and LXVI–CIX 46 Antheil and the Treatise on Harmony 13 The Cantos: Drafts and Fragments Anti-Semitism (See Racism and of Cantos CX–CXVII 48 Anti-Semitism) The Cantos: Posthumous Cantos 49 Arabic History 15 Canzoni 51 Architecture 16 Carta da Visita 52 Arnaut Daniel [unpublished] 18 Cathay 53 Barnard, Mary (1909–2001) 19 Catholic Anthology 54 Barry, Iris [Iris Sylvia Symes Crump] (1895–1969) 19 Cavalcanti 54 Bel Esprit 20 Chinese History 57 Bird, William (1888–1963) 20 Chinese Literature 58 BLAST 21 Chinese Translation 59 x List of Entries The Chinese Written Character as a Elektra 94 Medium for Poetry (See Fenollosa, Eliot, Thomas Stearns (1888–1965) 95 Ernest) English History: Middle Ages through Collected Early Poems of Ezra Pound 61 the Eighteenth Century 96 Confucius: The Analects (Lun Yu) 63 English History: Nineteenth Century 97 Confucius: The Classic Anthology English History: Twentieth Century 98 Defined by Confucius 64 English Literature: Medieval and Confucius: Ta Hio (Da Xue), The Great Renaissance 99 Digest 65 Confucius: The Unwobbling Pivot English Literature: Restoration and (Zhong Yong) 66 Eighteenth Century 100 Cravens, Margaret (1881–1912) 67 English Literature: Nineteenth Century 101 Criterion 67 English Literature: Twentieth Century 103 Critical Reception: 1908–1920 68 English Review 104 Critical Reception: 1920–1945 69 Epstein, Sir Jacob (1880–1959) 104 Critical Reception: 1945–1980 70 European History: Ancient 105 Critical Reception: 1980–2000 72 European History: Medieval and Cummings, E. E. (1894–1962) 74 Renaissance 106 Cutting, Bronson (1888–1935) 75 European History: The Enlightenment 108 Dance 76 European History: Nineteenth Century 109 Davenport, Guy (b. 1927) 77 European History: 1900–1972 110 Davie, Donald (1922–1995) 77 Exile 113 Des Imagistes 78 Exultations 114 Dial 79 “Ezra Pound Speaking”: Radio Speeches Diptych Rome-London 79 of World War II 115 Discretions: Ezra Pound, Father Faber and Faber 117 and Teacher 79 Fang, Achilles (1910–1995) 117 Dolmetsch, Arnold (1858–1940) 80 Fascist Quarterly [later British Union Doolittle, Hilda (1886–1961) 81 Quarterly] 117 Douglas, Major Clifford Hugh Fenollosa, Ernest (1853–1908) and (1879–1952) 83 The Chinese Written Character as a Dudek, Louis (1918–2001) 85 Medium for Poetry 118 Duncan, Robert (1919–1988) 85 Flint, F. S. [Frank Stuart] (1885–1960) 120 Economics 87 Ford, Ford Madox (1873–1939) 120 Economics: Usury 89 French Literature and Translation 122 Education: Personal 90 Frobenius, Leo (1873–1938) 126 Education: Philosophy 92 Frost, Robert (1875–1963) 127 “Eeldrop and Appleplex” 93 Gallup, Donald Clifford (1913–2000) 129 Egoist 94 Gaudier-Brzeska, Henri (1891–1915) Egyptian Literature 94 and Gaudier-Brzeska: A Memoir 129 List of Entries xi German Literature, Translation, and Lawrence, David Herbert (1885–1930) 179 Kultur 132 Lewis, Wyndham (1882–1957) 179 Ginsberg, Allen (1926–1997) 133 Literary Essays of Ezra Pound 181 Gold and Work 134 Little Review 182 Gourmont, Remy de (1858–1915) 135 Love Poems of Ancient Egypt (See Greek Literature 136 Egyptian Literature) Greek Translation 137 Lowell, Amy (1874–1925) 183 Guide to Kulchur 139 Loy, Mina (1882–1966) 184 Guido Cavalcanti Rime 141 A Lume Spento 185 Hemingway, Ernest (1899–1961) 144 Lustra 186 Henderson, Alice Corbin (1881–1949) 145 Machine Art [unpublished] 189 Hesternae Rosae, Serta II 145 MacLeish, Archibald (1892–1982) 189 Heyman, Katherine Ruth (1874–1944) 146 Make It New 190 Hilda’s Book 146 Il Mare, Supplemento Letterario 191 Homage to Sextus Propertius 147 Marinetti, F. T. (1876–1944) 191 How to Read 148 Meridiano di Roma 192 Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 149 Money Pamphlets 192 Hulme, Thomas Ernest (1883–1917) 152 Monroe, Harriet (1860–1936) 194 Hutchins, Patricia (b. 1942) 153 Moore, Marianne (1887–1972) 194 Ibbotson, Joseph Darling (1869–1952) 154 Mosley, Sir Oswald (1896–1980) 195 Ideogram 154 Music 196 “IF THIS BE TREASON...” 155 Myth and Anthropology 198 Imaginary Letters 155 The Natural Philosophy of Love 202 Impact: Essays on Ignorance and the Decline of American Civilization 155 “Near Perigord” 203 Indiscretions 156 New Age 204 Instigations 156 New Directions 204 Italian Literature 157 New English Weekly 205 Italian Translation 160 New Masses 205 James, Henry (1843–1916) 163 The Novel 205 Japanese Literature 163 Olson, Charles (1910–1970) 207 Japanese Translation 164 Oppen, George (1908–1984) 208 Jefferson and/or Mussolini 165 Orage, A. R. (1873–1934) 208 Joyce, James (1882–1941) 167 Orientamenti 210 Kenner, Hugh (1923–2003) 171 Paideuma [journal] 211 Latin Literature 173 Paideuma 211 Latin Translation 174 Patria Mia 212 Laughlin, James (1914–1997) 176 Patronage of the Arts 213 Law and Social Justice 177 Pavannes and Divagations 214 xii List of Entries Pavannes and Divisions 214 Religion: Polytheism, Neoplatonism, Pellizzi, Camillo (1896–1979) 215 and the Occult Tradition 257 Periplum 215 Ripostes 260 Personae (1909) 216 Rudge, Olga (1895–1996) 261 Personae (1926) 217 Rummel, Walter Morse (1887–1953) 262 Philosophy: Ancient European 218 Russian and Slavic Literatures 263 Philosophy: Medieval and San Trovaso Notebook (See Collected Renaissance European 220 Early Poems of Ezra Pound) Philosophy: Eighteenth Century to Science 264 the Present 221 The Selected Letters of Ezra Pound Plays Modelled on the Noh 223 [Paige ed.] 266 Poems 1918–21 223 Selected Poems (1928) 267 Poetics 224 Selected Poems (1949) 267 Poetics: Imagism 226 Selected Prose 1909–1965 267 Poetics: Prosody 228 A Selection of Poems 269 Poetics: Vorticism 230 Sexuality 269 Poetry: A Magazine of Verse 232 Sexuality: Misogyny 272 Politics 233 Shakespear, Dorothy (1886–1973) 274 Il Popolo di Alessandria 237 Shakespear, Olivia (1864–1938) 274 Por, Odon (1883–?) 237 Sinclair, May (1863–1946) 275 Pound, Homer Loomis (1858–1942) 238 Social Credit: An Impact 275 Pound, Isabel Weston (1860–1948) 238 Sonnets and Ballate of Guido Pound, Omar Shakespear (b. 1926) 239 Cavalcanti 276 Pound, Thaddeus Coleman (1832– Spanish Literature 278 1914) 240 The Spirit of Romance 278 Profile 240 Stein, Gertrude (1874–1946) 281 Provença 241 Stokes, Adrian (1902–1972) 281 Provençal Literature 242 Tagore, Rabindranath (1861–1941) 283 Provençal Translation 244 Terrell, Carroll F. (1917–2003) 283 “Provincia Deserta” 245 Le Testament 284 Psychology and Psychiatry 246 Theater 286 Quia Pauper Amavi 248 This Quarter 288 Quinn, John (1870–1924) 248 Tinkham, George Holden (1870–1956) 288 A Quinzaine for This Yule 249 Townsman 289 Rachewiltz, Boris de (1926–1997) 250 transatlantic review 289 Rachewiltz, Mary de (b. 1925) 250 transition 289 Racism and Anti-Semitism 251 The Translations of Ezra Pound 290 Religion: Confucianism and Taoism 254 Translation Theory 292 Religion: Monotheism and the Bible 256 Uberti, Ubaldo degli (1881–1945) 295 List of Entries xiii Umbra 295 Vou 302 Untermeyer, Louis (1885–1977) 296 Waley, Arthur (1889–1966) 303 Upward, Allen (1863–1926) 296 What Is Money For? 303 Usury (See Economics: Usury) Williams, William Carlos (1883–1963) 304 Versi Prosaici 298 Women of Trachis 305 Visual Arts: Historical 298 Yeats, John Butler (1839–1922) 307 Visual Arts: Twentieth Century 300 Yeats, William Butler (1865–1939) 307 Vortography 301 Zukofsky, Louis (1904–1978) 309 Preface Pound is an inescapable fact.