Cancer Science Standard Abbreviations List Common abbreviations, acronyms and short names are listed below. These shortened forms can be used without definition in articles published in Cancer Science. The same form is used in the plural. 7-AAD 7-amino-actinomycin D (stain) ES cell embryonic stem cell Ab antibody EST expressed sequence tag ADP adenosine 5′-diphosphate FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorter dADP 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-diphosphate FBS fetal bovine serum AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome FCS fetal calf serum Akt protein kinase B FDA Food and Drug Administration AML acute myelogenous leukemia FISH fluorescence in situ hybridization AMP adenosine 5′-monophosphate FITC fluorescein isothiocyanate dAMP 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate FPLC fast protein liquid chromatography ANOVA analysis of variance FRET fluorescence resonance energy transfer ATCC American Type Culture Collection GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase ATP adenosine 5′-triphosphate GDP guanosine 5′-diphosphate dATP 2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-triphosphate dGDP 2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-diphosphate beta-Gal, β-Gal beta-galactosidase GFP green fluorescent protein bp base pair(s) GMP guanosine 5′-monophosphate BrdU 5-bromodeoxyuridine dGMP 2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-monophosphate BSA bovine serum albumin GST glutathione S-transferase CCK-8 Cell Counting Kit-8 (tradename) GTP guanosine 5′-triphosphate CDP cytidine 5′-diphosphate dGTP 2′-deoxyguanosine 5′-triphosphate cCDP 2′-deoxycytidine 5′-diphosphate HA hemagglutinin CHAPS 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylamino]-1- H&E hematoxylin and eosin propanesulfonate HAT medium hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine CHO Chinese hamster ovary medium ChIP chromatin immunoprecipitation HBSS HanksÊ balanced salt solution CML chronic myelogenous leukemia HEK human embryonic kidney CMP cytidine 5′-monophosphate HeLa Henrietta Lacks cCMP 2′-deoxycytidine 5′-monophosphate HEPES 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1- CMV cytomegalovirus piperazineethanesulfonic acid or N-2- CNBr cyanogen bromide hydroxyethylpiperazine-N′-2-ethanesulfonic cDNA complementary DNA acid CoA coenzyme A His histidine COX cyclooxygenase HMG-CoA f3-hydroxy-f3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A CTL cytotoxic T-lymphocyte reductase CTP cytidine 5′-triphosphate HPLC high-pressure or high-performance liquid dCTP 2′-deoxycytidine 5′-triphosphate chromatography cyclic ADP adenosine 3′,5′-diphosphate HRP horseradish peroxidase cyclic AMP adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate HTLV human T-cell lymphotrophic virus 2D/3D two-dimensional/three-dimensional HUVEC human umbilical vascular endothelial cell ′ DAPI 4 ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer DEAE diethylaminoethyl IC inhibitory concentration, 50% DIC 5-(3,3-dimetbyl-[scap]l[r]-triazeno) 50 ID infective dose, 50% imidazole-4-carboxamide 50 ′ DMEM DulbeccoÊs modified EagleÊs medium IDP inosine 5 -diphosphate ′ ′ DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide dIDP 2 -deoxyinosine 5 -diphosphate DNA deoxyribonucleic acid IgG, IgM etc immunoglobulin G, M, etc. Dnase deoxyribonuclease i.m. intramuscular(ly) ′ dNTP deoxynucleotide triphosphate IMP inosine 5 -monophosphate ′ ′ dsDNA double-stranded DNA dIMP 2 -deoxyinosine 5 -monophosphate DTT dithiothreitol i.p. intraperitoneal(ly) ECL enhanced chemiluminescence ITP inosine 5′-triphosphate (trademarked product of Amersham dITP 2′-deoxyinosine 5′-triphosphate Biosciences GE Healthcare) i.v. intravenous(ly) ECM extracellular matrix JAK Janus-activated kinase ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group JNK c-jun-NH,-kinase (performance status) KLH keyhole limpet hemocyanin EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid KO knockout ED50 effective dose, 50% LB medium Luria-Bertani medium EGTA ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl LD50 lethal dose, median ether)-N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid LOH loss of heterozygosity ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay LPS lipopolysaccharide EMSA electrophoretic mobility-shift assay LTR long terminal repeat ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase mAb monoclonal antibody ccas_102_1_abbr.inddas_102_1_abbr.indd 1 226-07-20176-07-2017 112:36:542:36:54 MALDI matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization rRNA spell out as ÂRibosomal RNAÊ in title only MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase RT-PCR reverse transcription-PCR MDCK Madin-Darby canine kidney SAPK stress-activated protein kinase MDR multidrug-resistance: MDR1 human gene; s.c. subcutaneous(ly) mdrl murine gene; mdrla SCID severe combined immunodeficient MEK MAP/ERK kinase immunodeficiency MEKK MAPK kinase kinase SD standard deviation MHC major histocompatibility complex SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate MMP matrix metalloproteinase SDS-PAGE sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel m.o.i., MOI multiplicity of infection electrophoresis MOPS 4-morpholinepropanesulfonic acid; SEM standard error of the mean 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic shRNA short hairpin RNA acid siRNA small interfering RNA or short interfering MRI magnetic resonance imaging RNA mRNA messenger RNA snRNA small nuclear RNA mtDNA mitochondrial DNA SOD superoxide dismutase MTT 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- SSC standard saline-citrate diphenyltetrazolium bromide SSCP single-strand conformational polymorphism mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin ssDNA single-stranded DNA mTORC mammalian target of rapamycin complex SV40 Simian Virus 40 t half-life (half-time) NAD+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH 1/2 NADP+ nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate TBE Tris-borate EDTA (oxidized form) TBS Tris-buffered saline ′ NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate TDP thymidine 5 -diphosphate ′ ′ (reduced form) dTDP 2 -deoxythymidine 5 -diphosphate NCBI National Center for Biotechnology TEAE triethylaminoethyl Information TFA trifluoroacetyl or trifluoroacetic acid NCI National Cancer Institute TIMP tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase NIH National Institutes of Health TLC thin-layer chromatography ′ NMR nuclear magnetic resonance TMP thymidine 5 -monophosphate ′ ′ NTP nucleotide triphosphate dTMP 2 -deoxythymidine 5 -monophosphate ORF open reading frame TNM tumor-node-metastasis, system for staging PAGE polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis cancer PBMC peripheral blood mononuclear cells TPA 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-l3-acetate PBS phosphate-buffered saline TPCK N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone PCR polymerase chain reaction tRNA transfer RNA ′ PEG polyethylene glycol TTP thymidine 5 -triphosphate ′ ′ PET positron emission tomography dTTP 2 -deoxythymidine 5 -triphosphate pfu plaque-forming unit Tris tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine PK protein kinase TUNEL terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase- PKC protein kinase C mediated dUTP nick end labeling pI isoelectric point UDP uridine 5′-diphosphate PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dUDP 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-diphosphate PIPES 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid UICC Union for International Cancer Control PMA phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate UMP uridine 5′-monophosphate PMSF phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride or dUMP 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-monophosphate phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride UTP uridine 5′-triphosphate poly(A) polyadenylic acid; polyadenylate dUTP 2′-deoxyuridine 5′-triphosphate POPOP 1,4-bis[Isqb]2-(5-phenyloxazolyl)[rsqb] UTR untranslated region benzene USP units A unit as defined by the United States PPO 2,5 diphenyloxazole Pharmacopeia Pi, Ppi orthophosphate, pyrophosphate USPHS United States Public Health Service PVDF poly(vinylidene difluoride) UTP uridine 5c-triphosphate RACE rapid amplification of cDNA ends UV ultraviolet rDNA ribosomal DNA v/v volume for volume RECIST Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors WT wild type RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism w/v weight per volume RIA radioimmunoassay w/w weight for weight RIPA radioimmunoprecipitation assay X-Gal 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-D-galactoside RNA ribonucleic acid XTT 2,3-bis[lsqb]2-methoxy-4-nitro-S- RNAi RNA interference sulfophenyl[rsqb]-2H-tetrazolium-5 RNase ribonuclease carboxanilide inner salt RPMI Roswell Park Memorial Institute [Updated: July 2017] ccas_102_1_abbr.inddas_102_1_abbr.indd 2 226-07-20176-07-2017 112:36:542:36:54.