Notes Introduction 1 . Joyce seems to constitute a tradition apart, with different approaches to the modern. Eco considers Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man as an attempt at the modern, Dubliners , although coming earlier, as more modern than the Portrait ; Ulysses is on the borderline, and Finnegans Wake initi- ates the postmodern discourse by demanding, in order to be understood, not the negation of the already said, but its ironic rethinking (Eco, 1984, p. 68). 3 Blurring Genres: Dissolving Literature and Film in Blade Runner 1. “Blurring genres” is an intentional reference to Geertz’s text “Blurred genres: The Refiguration of Social Thought” in Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology (2000, pp. 19–35). 2 . This word refers both to a historical and legendary figure and to an opera by Richard Wagner about the struggle between sacred and profane love, and redemption through love. This theme in Wagner’s work may also be applied to Deckard and Rachael’s situation. Hitler was very fond of Wagner’s music. The use of German names and motifs in DADES was a result of Dick’s research of Nazi documents and his concepts of Nazi soldiers as dehuman- ized beings that generated the idea of the androids/replicants. German motifs were kept with a different perspective in BR and also in Jeter’s book sequels. 4 Revisiting the Biblical Tradition: Dante, Blake and Milton in Blade Runner 1 . See also Singleton’s translation in prose (Alighieri, 1980, p. 25). 2 . See also Alighieri, 1980, p. 35. 3 . See also Alighieri, 1980, p. 37. 4 . See also Alighieri, 1980, p. 49. 5 . See Warner’s analysis of the silver unicorn as Rachael (1991, p. 179). 6 . The replicants’ revolt is also a Faustian rebellion towards acquiring knowl- edge in their desire to meet their maker, and to find out what constitutes the essence of their lives, so that they may be granted the wisdom of more life. Their struggle to acquire knowledge is another classical intertextual literary reference (from Marlowe, through Goethe, to Thomas Mann). Dr. Eldon Tyrell functions as Dr. Faust himself, in his attempt to gain the knowledge to become the god of biomechanics, who is able to generate life. 191 192 Notes 7 . The name “Salome” alludes both to the biblical figure and to a literary tradi- tion associated with her name (See Benét’s , 1987, pp. 860–1). 8 . In some versions, the word “fucker” was replaced by “father”. 5 Revisiting the Psychoanalytical Tradition 1 . For further references to the eye motif, see “Eye symbolism” in Blade Runner FAQ . 6 Collating the Postmodern 1 . In this chapter, I will be referring to both the Director’s Cut and the U.S. Theatrical Release with the voice-over. For a summary of the other versions, see Chapter 8, and the “Different Faces of Blade Runner – How Many Versions?” in Appendix B of Sammon’s book (1996, pp. 394–408). 2 . Scott drew on the comic book Heavy Metal for the creation of the external scenes of BR . In the interview with Sammon, he declares that his intention was to make a live-action version of this comic book (Sammon, 1996, p. 380). 3 . Hammacher states, “The False Mirror is a deliberate reduction of the natural function of an eye. The remarkable thing is that, like the Byzantine eye, it does not actually look at us, the viewers of the work. This is because Magritte avoids here the eye’s active function – looking – by showing only its reflective function – the reflection in the cornea of the sky and clouds. The reflection in the mirror is passive, dead, but the reflection in the eye penetrates the inte- rior and it is there, inside the eye, that the image comes into being. Magritte had a deep response to a one-line poem by Paul Eluard: ‘Dans les yeux les plus sombres s’enferment les plus claires ’ (In the darkest eyes the brightest eyes have secluded themselves). Magritte was never to forget Eluard’s moving line of verse” (Hammacher, 1985, p. 86). 7 When Differences Fall Apart 1 . Dr. Tyrell may be seen as another Dr. Frankenstein: both create beings and both are cruel towards their own creations – and their creations are persecuted in both cases. Unlike Tyrell, however, Dr. Frankenstein is not killed by his creation. 2 . The word “existentiell” was first used in its philosophical meaning by Martin Heidegger in his work Being and Time . It describes an ontic (physical, real, factual existence) understanding of beings in the world and addresses the facts about things in the context of the world, in terms of their existence. It differs from the ontological (related to the nature of being, becoming, existence , or reality ) understanding. 3 . I am keeping the gender agreement according to the original texts. 4 . The shooting script had a voice-over of Deckard saying, “I knew it on the roof that night. We were brothers, Roy Batty and I!” (Blade Runner FAQ , 1992, p. 27). Notes 193 8 From Conception to Inception: A Never-Ending Story 1 . Other works by Dick were optioned while he was still alive: “We Can Remember It for You Wholesale”, adapted for the screen by Dan O’Bannon as Total Recall (1990) and his 1953 novella “Second Variety”, scripted by O’Bannon, and retitled Screamers (1996). 12 Recycling Media: Blade Runner to Be Continued 1 . For a complete list of the film’s awards and nominations, please refer to http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade_Runner. Conclusion 1 . In “The Veldt”, Bradbury creates a similar form of advanced film (without the sexual content of Huxley’s “feelies”) as projections of mental images that produce real-life smells and sounds. 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