THE ROLE OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GIRLS’ EDUCATION IN WESTERN KENYA: THE CASE OF BUTERE GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL, 1957 – 2007 SARA BRENDA KHANANI E56/67216/2013 A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTEROF EDUCATION IN EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS (HISTORY OF EDUCATION)OF UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI AUGUST 2015 i DECLARATION This project is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any university. Sign………………………………………………Date…………………… SARA BRENDA KHANANI E56/67216/2013 This project has been submitted with our approval as university supervisors Sign…………………………………………….Date…………………........... NABISWA MARTIN WASIKE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI Sign…………………………………………….Date………………………… LYDIA N WACHIRA DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATIONS UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI ii DEDICATION To my loving parents; Rev Canon Enoch Namulanda and Mrs Consolata Awino Namulanda. Their children rise up and call them blessed ……… (Proverbs 31:28) iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am greatly indebted to many people without whom this work would not have been completed. I am also grateful for the organisations and institutions, whose help in one way or another contributed to the realization of this work. First, my special appreciation goes to my supervisors, Mr Nabiswa M. Wasike and Mrs Lydia N. Wachira for their meticulous guidance and support in shaping this project. I am most grateful to Mr Wasike for his initial backing of my thoughts on this topic and for providing the necessary advice and scholarly criticism which have contributed a lot in shaping my ideas on key aspects of the project. I am grateful to Mr Muasya for his initial guidance which gave me the drive to commence this study. My thanks also go to Dr Ngesu, Chairman of the Department of Educational Foundations, Dr Gakunga, the co-ordinator and all my lectures for their constant support and encouragement. Special mention goes to Dr Kili and Prof Kibera for their invaluable advice. I am grateful to many individuals listed in the bibliography for furnishing me with material which was used in this study. Special thanks go to Fran Etemesi, Grace Namai, Alice Barasa Salome Wanyangu, Dorah Okaalo, Principal of Butere Girls High School and Grace Rapando for enlightening me on several issues on this project. My thanks also go to the staff of University of Nairobi Library, Kenya National Archives, Anglican Church of Kenya Archives and Chadwick Library Archives who gave me great support in the course of my literature search. I would not have come this far without the support of my family. I wish to express my most sincere gratitude to my dear husband, Rev Dr Joseph Wandera, our children Zawadi, Imani and Ahadi for their understanding, encouragement and support. I am indebted to my parents, Rev iv Canon and Mama Namulanda, my brothers, Kizito, Douglas, Peter, Jesse and David, my aunt Justine and friends for their prayers, encouragement and support. Above all, I thank the almighty God for everything. v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A.B.S.F. – African Biotechnology Stakeholders Forum A.C.K. – Anglican Church of Kenya A.M.R.E.F. – African Medical and Research Foundation B.G.H.S. – Butere Girls High School B.O.G. – Board of Governors C.B.S. – Chief of the Order of the Burning Spear C.G.I.A.R. – Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research C.M.S. – Church Missionary Society C.O.G. – Church Of God E.B.S. – Elder of the Burning Spear F.A.M. – Friends African Mission I.C.I.P.E. – International Centre for Insect Physiology and Ecology K.A.C.C. – Kenya Anti - Corruption Commission K.A.U. – Kenya African Union K.C.S.E. – Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education K.I.P.I. – Kenya Industrial Property Institute K.I.P.O. – Kenya Industrial Property Office L.N.C. – Local Native Council M.H.F. – Mill Hill Fathers M.H.M. – Mill Hill Mission N.A.C.C. – National Aids Control Council T.S.C. – Teachers Service Commission U.N. – United Nations vi U.N.E.P. – United Nations Environment Programme U.N.E.S.C.O. - United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization U.N.I.C.E.F. – United Nations children’s Fund U.N.P.F/C.S.T.A.A. – United Nations Population Fund Country Support Team Addis Ababa U.S.A. – United States of America V.I.D.A. – Voluntary Agencies Development Assistance W.H.O. – World Health Organization W.I.P.O. – World Intellectual Property Organization vii TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER ONE .....................................................................................................................................1 1.0 THE BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY, PURPOSE AND PROBLEM ...........................................1 1.1 Background to the Study ....................................................................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................................5 1.3 Objectives of the Study ......................................................................................................................6 1.4 Research Questions ............................................................................................................................6 1.5 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................................................7 1.6 Scope of the Study .............................................................................................................................7 1.7 Limitations ........................................................................................................................................8 1.8 Operational Definitions ......................................................................................................................8 1.9 Organization of the Project ................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER TWO ..................................................................................................................................10 2.0 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................................................................................10 2.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................10 2.2 The Development of Western Education in Africa ...........................................................................10 2.3 The Development of Western Education in Kenya ...........................................................................12 2.4 The Church Missionary Society and Education in Western Kenya ....................................................13 2.5 Education for Girls ..........................................................................................................................14 2.6 Butere School and its Influence on the Community ..........................................................................15 2.7 Summary of Reviewed Literature .....................................................................................................16 2.8 Theoretical Framework ....................................................................................................................17 CHAPTER THREE ...............................................................................................................................19 3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .....................................................................................................19 3.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................19 3.2 Research Design ..............................................................................................................................19 3.3 Sources of Data ...............................................................................................................................19 3.4 Procedure for Data Collection ..........................................................................................................21 3.5 Evaluation of Data ...........................................................................................................................21 viii 3.6 Data Analysis and Presentation ........................................................................................................22 CHAPTER FOUR .................................................................................................................................23 4.0 THE CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY: ITS ORIGINS AND EARLY ACTIVITIES IN WESTERN KENYA .............................................................................................................................23 4.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................23 4.2 The Origin of the Church Missionary Society ..................................................................................23