LIVSMEDELSVERKETS SAMARBETSRAPPORT S 2020 nr 01 Contaminants in blood and urine from adolescents in Sweden Results from the national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17 _________________ Denna titel kan laddas ner från: Livsmedelsverkets webbsida för att beställa eller ladda ner material. Citera gärna Livsmedelsverkets texter, men glöm inte att uppge källan. Bilder, fotografier och illustrationer är skyddade av upphovsrätten. Det innebär att du måste ha upphovsmannens tillstånd att använda dem. © Livsmedelsverket, 2020. Författare: Livsmedelsverket, Naturvårdsverket. Rekommenderad citering: Livsmedelsverket, Naturvårdsverket. S 2020 nr 01: Contaminants in blood and urine from adolescents in Sweden. Livsmedelsverkets samarbetsrapport. Uppsala. S 2020 nr 01 ISSN 1104-7089 Omslag: Livsmedelsverket Preface The present report summarises the results from analysis of contaminants in blood and urine samples from participants in the dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17. These biomonitoring data provide unique information on total exposure to contaminants from all sources, including food, in Swedish adolescents. The results will be used further in risk assessments of contaminants in food by the Swedish Food Agency (Livsmedelsverket). Data from the project is also part of the national health-related environmental monitoring at the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket). The aim of this monitoring is to estimate human exposure to hazardous substances, follow temporal trends in human exposure, and to link environmental exposure to effects on health. The results from this report may also be useful for experts working with risk assessment and risk management in other organizations at the national or regional level. The dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17 was carried out by the Swedish Food Agency. The analysis of contaminants and the writing of this report were mainly financed by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (agreement numbers 2215-17-007, 2215-17-017 and 2215-18-010) and by the Swedish Food Agency. Financial support was also provided by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) and Sahlgrenska University Hospital (Occupational and Environmental Medicine), Gothenburg. Galia Zamaratskaia, Sanna Lignell and Helena Bjermo were responsible for the statistical analyses and the writing of this report. A number of experts at the Swedish Food Agency have contributed with expert advice and critical review of the report: Anna Karin Lindroos, Barbro Kollander, Irina Gyllenhammar, Emma Halldin Ankarberg, Tatiana Cantillana, Anneli Widenfalk, Lotta Moraeus and Cecilia Nälsén. A special thanks to all colleagues who were involved in the planning and implementation of Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–17, including handling of samples and chemical analyses. Thanks also to the regional divisions of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (AMM) who were responsible for the collection of human samples. Responsible for the chemical analyses were Barbro Kollander and Tatiana Cantillana (the Swedish Food Agency), Jon Benskin (Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University), Christian H Lindh and Thomas Lundh (Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University) and Hannu Kiviranta (National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland). Livsmedelsverket / The Swedish Food Agency Per Bergman Avdelningschef, Risk- och nyttovärderingsavdelningen / Head of the Risk and Benefit Assessment Department March 2020 4 LIVSMEDELSVERKETS SAMARBETSRAPPORT – S 2020 NR 01 Content Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... 3 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Sammanfattning ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Summary ................................................................................................................................................10 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................12 Chlorinated and brominated persistent organic pollutants ...............................................................12 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances ..................................................................................................14 Metals and metalloids ........................................................................................................................15 Phthalate metabolites and phenolic compounds ..............................................................................18 Aim .........................................................................................................................................................20 Materials and methods ..........................................................................................................................21 Study population ................................................................................................................................21 Data collection ....................................................................................................................................22 School visits ................................................................................................................................... 22 Sample handling and storage ........................................................................................................ 23 Variables in this report .................................................................................................................. 23 Analytical methods .............................................................................................................................24 Chlorinated and brominated persistent organic pollutants .......................................................... 24 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances ............................................................................................. 26 Metals and metalloids ................................................................................................................... 27 Phthalate metabolites and phenolic compounds ......................................................................... 28 Statistical analysis ...............................................................................................................................30 Results and discussion ............................................................................................................................31 Characteristics of the study population .............................................................................................31 Chlorinated and brominated persistent organic pollutants ...............................................................34 Differences in concentrations of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants between regions .... 36 Differences in concentrations of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants between genders and grades ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances ..................................................................................................39 Differences in concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances between regions ............. 41 Differences in concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances between genders and grades ............................................................................................................................................ 42 Metals and metalloids ........................................................................................................................45 Metals ............................................................................................................................................ 45 Differences in concentrations of metals between regions ........................................................... 46 LIVSMEDELSVERKETS SAMARBETSRAPPORT – S 2020 NR 01 5 Differences in metal concentrations between genders and grades ............................................. 47 Associations between metal concentrations in blood and smoking habits .................................. 50 Arsenic ........................................................................................................................................... 50 Differences in arsenic concentrations between genders and grades ........................................... 52 Associations between arsenic concentrations and country of birth ............................................. 52 Phthalate metabolites and phenolic compounds ..............................................................................54 Phthalate and DiNCH metabolites................................................................................................. 55 Phosphorus flame retardants ........................................................................................................ 55 Bisphenols ..................................................................................................................................... 56 Polycyclic