Quality of Surface Waters of the United States, 1968 Parts 4 and 5. St. Lawrence River Basin, and Hudson Bay and Upper Mississippi River Basins GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 2094 Prepared in cooperation with the States of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Neru York, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and with other agencies UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1973 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS C. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY V. E. McKelvey, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. GS 43-68 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $2.10 domestic postpaid or $1.75 GPO Bookstore Stock Number 2401-02380 PREFACE This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the States of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and with other agencies, by personnel of the Water Resources Division, E. L. Hendricks, chief hydrologist, G. W. Whetstone, assistant chief hydrologist for Scientific Publications and Data Management, under the general direction of G. A. Billingsley, chief, Reports Section, and B. A. Anderson, chief, Data Reports Unit. The data were collected under the supervision of district chiefs of the Water Resources Division, as follows: A. D. Ash...................................................................Okemos, Mich. C. R. Collier............................................................St. Paul, Minn. H. M. Erskine........................................................Bismarck, N. Dak. M. D. Hale..............................................................Indianapolis, Ind. Anthony Homyk.................................................................. Rolla, Mo. C. E. Knox....................................................................Boston, Mass. W. D. Mitchell............................................................Champaign, 111. C. L. R. Holt, Jr.............................................................Madison, Wis. J. J. Molloy................................................................. Columbus, Ohio G. G. Parker..................................................................Albany, N. Y. G. M. Pike......................................................................Helena, Mont. J. E. Powell.................................................................Huron, S. Dak. S. W. Wiitala..............................................................Iowa City, Iowa 111 CONTENTS Page Preface............................................................. Ill List of Water-quality stations, in downstream order, for which records are published......................................... VII Introduction........................................................ 1 Collection and examination of data.................................. 3 Chemical quality.................................................. 4 Temperature,...................................................... 4 Sediment.......................................................... 4 Expression of results............................................... 5 Composition of surface waters....................................... 7 Mineral constituents in solution.................................. 7 Silica.......................................................... 7 Aluminum........................................................ 9 Iron............................................................ 9 Manganese........... 0 ........................................... 9 Calcium......................................................... 9 Magnesium....................................................... 9 Sodium and potassium............................................ 9 Bicarbonate, carbonate, and hydroxide........................... 9 Sulfide.......................................................... 10 Sulfate......................................................... 10 Chloride........................................................ 10 Fluoride........................................................ 10 Bromide......................................................... 11 Iodide.......................................................... 11 Nitrogen, organic............................................... 11 Nitrogen, ammonia............................................... 11 Nitrite......................................................... 11 Nitrate......................................................... 11 Phosphorus...................................................... 11 Boron........................................................... 12 Dissolved solids................................................ 12 Arsenic......................................................... 12 Barium.......................................................... 12 Cadmium......................................................... 12 Chromium........................................................ 12 Cobalt.......................................................... 13 Copper.......................................................... 13 Lead............................................................ 13 Lithium......................................................... 13 Mercury......................................................... 13 Nickel.......................................................... 14 Strontium....................................................... 14 Zinc............................................................ 14 Properties and characteristics of water........................... 14 Dissolved solids................................................ 14 Hardness........................................................ 15 Acidity......................................................... 15 Sodium adsorption ratio......................................... 15 Specific conductance............................................ 16 Hydrogen-ion concentration...................................... 16 Temperature..................................................... 16 Color........................................................... 16 Turbidity....................................................... 17 Density at 20°C................................................. 17 Dissolved oxygen................................................ 17 Chemical oxygen demand.......................................... 17 VI CONTENTS Composition of surface waters Continued Properties and characteristics of water Continued Page Biochemical oxygen demand....................................... 17 Biological and microbiological information...................... 17 Organics........................................................ 18 Sediment........................................................ 18 Streamflow.......................................................... 19 Publications........................................................ 19 Cooperation......................................................... 20 Division of work.................................................... 21 Literature cited.................................................... 22 Index............................................................... ILLUSTRATION Page Figure 1. Map of the United States showing basins covered by the ten water-supply papers of quality of surface waters in 1968................................................... 2 WATER-QUALITY STATIONS, IN DOWNSTREAM ORDER, FOR WHICH RECORDS ARE PUBLISHED [Letters after station name designate type of data: (a) chemical, (t) water temperature, (s) sediment] Page ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR Washington Creek at Windigo, Mich. (ct)........................... 24 Black River near Bessemer, Mich. (t ).................. ........... 25 STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN Black River near Garnet, Mich. (t)................................ 26 Black River near Republic, Mich. (ct)............................. 27 Middle Branch Escanaba River near Ishpeming, Mich. (t)............ 29 Schweitzer Creek near Palmer, Mich. (t)......................... 30 Ford River near Hyde, Mich. (t)................................... 31 Brule River: Peshekee River near Champion, Mich. (t)......................... 31 Michigamme River near Witch Lake, Mich. (cts ).......... ........ 32 Menominee River: Pine River: Popple River near Fence, Wis. (cts)........................... 35 Sturgeon River near Foster City, Mich. (t)...................... 38 Kalamazoo River: Portage Creek near Kalamazoo, Mich. (ct)........................ 39 Portage Creek at Kalamazoo, Mich. (c)........................... 40 Grand River near Eaton Rapids, Mich. (t).......................... 40 Grand River at Lansing, Mich. (t)................................. 41 Grand River at Portland, Mich. (t)................................ 42 Muskegon River at Evart, Mich. (t)................................ 43 Little Muskegon River near Morley, Mich. (t).................... 44 Pere Marquette River at Scottville, Mich. (t)..................... 45 Manistee River near Grayling, Mich. (t)........................... 46 Pine River near Luther, Mich. (s)............................... 47 Pine River near Dublin, Mich. (s)............................... 49 Pine River near Wellston, Mich. (s)............................. 51 Little Manistee River near Freesoil, Mich. (t).................. 54 Boardman River near Mayfield, Mich. (t)....................... ... 55 Jordan River near East Jordan, Mich. (t).......................... 56