Иностранные Языки И Современный Мир Foreign Languages And

Иностранные Языки И Современный Мир Foreign Languages And

1 Учреждение образования «Брестский государственный университет имени А.С. Пушкина» Иностранные языки и современный мир Foreign Languages and Contemporary World Сборник материалов международной научной конференции студентов, магистрантов, аспирантов Брест, 27 апреля 2018 года В двух частях Часть 1 Брест БрГУ имени А.С. Пушкина 2018 2 УДК 81‟243(082) ББК 81.2я431 И 68 Рекомендовано редакционно-издательским советом Учреждения образования «Брестский государственный университет имени А.С. Пушкина» Рецензенты: Доцент кафедры немецкой филологии и лингводидактики УО «Брестский государственный университет имени А.С. Пушкина», кандидат педагогических наук, доцент Л.Я. Дмитрачкова Доцент кафедры иностранных языков УО «Брестский государственный технический университет», кандидат филологических наук, доцент О.Л. Зозуля Редакционная коллегия: Л.М. Максимук, Н.В. Иванюк, И.В. Повх, Л.М. Калилец, О.Н. Коваленко, Л.Е. Левонюк, С.В. Милач, И.А. Полева И 68 Иностранные языки и современный мир : сб. материалов междунар. науч. конф. студентов, Брест, 27 апр. 2018 г. / Брест. гос. ун-т. имени А. С. Пушкина ; редкол.: Л. М. Максимук, [и др.]. – Брест : БрГУ, 2018. – Ч. 1. 182 с. ISBN В сборник включены материалы, посвященные различным аспектам жизни современного общества: проблемам социально-экономического развития, вопросам окружающей среды, тенденциям в развитии современной науки и др. Издание адресовано студентам, магистрантам и аспирантам высших учебных заведений. Может быть полезным для всех, кто интересуется проблемами современного мира и изучением иностранных языков. УДК 81’243(082) ББК 81.2я431 ISBN © УО «Брестский государственный университет имени А.С. Пушкина», 2018 3 В.А. Адамчук Республика Беларусь, Брест, БрГУ имени А.С. Пушкина Научный руководитель – Л.М. Калилец THE IMPORTANCE OF ORATORICAL SKILL OF AN ADVOCATE IN THE TRIAL To begin with, the oratorical skill was born in Ancient Greece, where with the gradual development of statehood, the activity of the masses in the domestic life of Greek policies increased. The fate of many politicians depended on their ability to speak publicly. So, this skill was taught and widely appreciated [1]. As for the present time, the oratorical skill, as an integral part of the professional competence of a lawyer, is a complex of the speaker‟s skills and knowledge in preparing and pronouncing of a public speech. First and foremost, this is the ability to select the appropriate material; this is the skill of constructing speech and public speaking with the task of having a certain impact on listeners; this is the ability to prove and disprove, the ability to persuade and over-persuade; it is a speech skill. The shortcoming of today‟s law graduate lies not in a deficient knowledge of law but that he has little, if any, training in dealing with facts or people – the stuff of which cases are really made. It is a rare graduate, for example, who knows how to ask questions – simple, single questions, one at a time, in order to develop facts in evidence either in interviewing a witness or examining him in a courtroom. And a lawyer who cannot do that cannot perform properly – in or out of court. Inasmuch as the lawyer defends the interests of citizens in court, he will certainly participate in criminal proceedings, an integral part of which is judicial debate, in which the public prosecutor and the defender state their conclusions, namely, pronounce the court speeches. Trial advocacy is the art of persuasion. More completely, trial advocacy is the composition of fact extraction, legal reasoning, strategic judgment, and persuasive speech, structured by the rules of professional responsibility, evidence, procedure and substantive law. Cases are not won or lost merely by applying a particular principle of law or legal rule. Rather, these principles and rules become effective only in the hands of an advocate who supports them with a strong factual foundation and propounds them with persuasive argument. The purpose of judicial speech, first of all, is to: 1) to establish the issue; 2) to promote certain persuasion of judges (jurors). In the presence of the jury, the oratorical skill is even more powerful, because in this situation, the human factor is manifested to a greater extend. Also, judicial speeches increase the level of legal literacy of citizens and bring up respectful attitude to the law. There is no doubt that oratory plays an important role in the professional activity of the lawyer. This is one of the most responsible, complex and creative moments of his participation in criminal proceedings. It should be noted that some other form of procedural activity does not impose so many demands on the lawyer and does not need such thorough and in-depth preparation as the pronouncement of court decisions in judicial debate [2]. When one thinks of “trial advocacy,” perhaps the first image is that of great courtroom orator, the “king of the advocacy”, Vladimir Danilovich Spasovich. He was not merely a technician trained in the mechanics of courtroom skills and etiquette, but a 4 lawyer who was able to extract the pertinent facts from a seeming maze of information, integrate those facts with legal principles, and present a reasoned argument. Though, according to Vladimir Ivanovich Taneyev (Russian lawyer), Spasovich‟s lectures at the School of Jurisprudence, shocked the listeners with “incredible tongue-tie”: “He could not properly, coherently say two words. With incredible efforts he seemed to squeeze every word out of himself, helping himself with his hands, feet, head, and the whole body. He irritated the entire nervous system...” [3]. But eventually, thanks to constant hard work, a terrible effort, he became the most famous Russian skillful advocate. “Every thought was a picture, every word was a figure.” The speeches of this great man are an example of the result of multilateral and long-term development not only as a lawyer, but also as a person. It is also worth noting an important feature of Spasovich‟s oratorical manner: it is encyclopedic, obviously not only having legal knowledge with a deep understanding of any secrets of criminalistics, not only wise digressions into history, philosophy, literature, but also persuasive interpretation of ethical, logic, morality issues. In each case, he used his skills of persuasion, which were based on the following ten principles: comprehensiveness; theme; consistency; plausibility; legal Structure; accountability; congeniality; simplicity; community; flexibility. Spasovich always proceeded from the fact that judicial research “must consist in the investigation of truth in exactly the same ways as any study of truth. Therefore, the “nature of judicial speeches,” according to Spasovich, “depends on what views the defender is guided by – whether he sets himself the task of only winning a case, defeating an opponent, or investigating the truth” [3]. Summarizing all of the above, it is worth repealing that legal advocacy is an art that transcends the courtroom walls. It is difficult to conceive of a legal practitioner who does not, in some way and at some time, utilize the skills of advocacy – fact analysis, legal integration, and persuasive presentation. Oratory is an advantage through which you can achieve success. REFERENCES 1. Жидков, О. А. История государства и права зарубежных стран : учеб. пособие для студентов вузов : в 2 ч. / О. А. Жидков ; под общ. ред. О. А. Жидкова, Н. А. Крашенинниковой. – 2-е изд., стер. – М. : Норма, 2004. Ч. 1 – 624 с. 2. Закомолдин, А. В. Значение ораторского искусства в деятельности адвоката- защитника [Электронный ресурс] / А. В. Закомолдин // КиберЛенинка. – Самара, 2014. – Режим доступа: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/znachenie-oratorskogo-iskusstva-v-deyatel- nosti-advokata-zaschitnika. – Дата доступа: 30.04.2017. 3. Веденский, П. Спасович Владимир Данилович [Электронный ресурс] / П. Веденский // Тайны истории. – Режим доступа: https://secrethistory.su/424- spasovich-vladimir-danilovich-1829-1906.html. – Дата доступа: 30.04.2017. В статье раскрываются основные аспекты ораторского мастерства как неотъемлемой составляющей профессиональной компетенции адвоката, как комплекса умений и знаний оратора по подготовке и произнесению публичной речи. 5 Е.Р. Акопджанова Республика Беларусь, Минск, БГПУ имени М. Танка Научный руководитель – В.М. Шелег THE THEME OF HOMESICKNESS AND NOSTALGIA IN THE SHORT STORY OF WILLIAM SAROYAN “THE ARMENIAN AND THE ARMENIAN” William Saroyan is a well-known American writer of Armenian origin, the writer who made his initial impact during the Depression with a deluge of brash, original and irreverent stories celebrating the joy of living in spite of poverty, hunger and insecurity. Saroyan was concerned with the basic goodness of all people, especially the obscure and naive, and the value of life. His mastery of the vernacular makes his characters vibrantly alive. Most of his stories are based on his impressions of childhood and family priorities [1]. Dark, thin and hawk-like when he was young, peasant-stocky and heavily moustached in later years, Mr. Saroyan dominated all groups, everywhere, with his huge bass voice and his booming laugh. He explained that he came from an ancient tradition of Armenian singers and storytellers – “If I talk too much, it‟s a cultural problem.”[2]. Saroyan‟s famous short story “The Armenian and the Armenian” was written in August 1935 in New York and was first published in 1936. In the story, author tells about his meeting with an Armenian waiter he accidentally meets at a beer parlour in Rostov in 1935. The main hero – an Armenian, meets another one, also an Armenian. But it‟s very interesting how the main hero explains his confidence about the nationality of the waiter: “I don‟t know how I could tell he was an Armenian, but I could. It is not the dark complexion alone, nor the curve of nose, nor the thickness and abundance of hair, nor is it even the way the living eye is set within the head. There are many with the right complexion and the right curve of nose and the same kind of hair and eyes, but these are not Armenian.

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