Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1997-12 Current and future efforts to vary the level of detail for the common operational picture Hager, Richard S. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8179 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS CURRENT AND FUTURE EFFORTS TO VARY THE LEVEL OF DETAIL FOR THE COMMON OPERATIONAL PICTURE by Richard S. Hager December 1997 Thesis Co-Advisors: Gary R. Porter William G. Kemple Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503 3. 1 . AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) REPORT DATE REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 1997 Master's Thesis FUNDING NUMBERS 4. title and subtitle TITLE OF THESIS: CURRENT AND FUTURE EFFORTS TO VARY THE LEVEL OF DETAIL FOR THE COMMON OPERATIONAL PICTURE 6. AUTHOR Hager, Richard S. 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) PERFORMING Naval Postgraduate School ORGANIZATION Monterey CA 93943-5000 REPORT NUMBER 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government. 12a. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 1 3 . ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) The Joint Staff developed the C4I for the Warrior Concept in 1992 which stated that the warrior needs a fused, real-time, true representation of the battlespace. To help accomplish this vision, the Global Command and Control System was created. It provides the Common Operational Picture described above, but only down to the level of the Unified Commander. This thesis is a comprehensive report that gives a complete review of the current situational awareness systems available to the commander in addition to current and future efforts to bring a common operational picture to all levels of command. These thesis is designed to give situational awareness to all levels of command. The detailed discussions in the thesis of these systems will help students and researchers in the Joint C4I curriculum at the Naval Postgraduate School develop a better understanding of the difficulties in getting a true common operational picture to all services at all levels. 14. SUBJECT TERMS Global Command and Control System, Common Operational 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 98 Picture, Situational Awareness, C4I, Command and Control, Battlespace Management, 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICA- SECURITY CLASSIFI- 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICA- 20. LIMITATION OF TION OF REPORT CATION OF THIS PAGE TION OF ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UL NSN 7540-01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89) Prescribed by ANSI Std. 239-18 298-102 II Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. CURRENT AND FUTURE EFFORTS TO VARY THE LEVEL OF DETAIL FOR THE COMMON OPERATIONAL PICTURE Richard S. Hager Lieutenant, United States Navy B.S., United States Naval Academy, 1990 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL December 1997 HAQ>£jf ABSTRACT The Joint Staff developed the C4I for the Warrior Concept in 1992 which stated that the warrior needs a fused, real-time, true representation of the battlespace. To help accomplish this vision, the Global Command and Control System was created. It provides the Common Operational Picture described above, but only down to the Unified Commander. This thesis is a comprehensive report that gives a complete review of the current situational awareness systems available to the commander in addition to current and future efforts to bring a common operational picture to all levels of command. These systems are designed to give situational awareness to all levels of command. The detailed discussions in the thesis of these systems will help students and researchers in the Joint C4I curriculum at the Naval Postgraduate School develop a better understanding of the difficulties in getting a true common operational picture to all services at all levels. VI . TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION 1 A. BACKGROUND 1 B. PURPOSE 4 C. THE NEED FOR A COMMON OPERATIONAL PICTURE 5 D. THESIS ORGANIZAITON 6 II CURRENT SITUATIONAL AWARENESS SYSTEMS AVAILABLE TO THE COMMANDER 9 A. AIR FORCE 9 1. Contingency Theater Automated Planning System 9 2. Joint Force Air Component Command Situational Awareness System 11 B. ARMY 11 1. Automated Digital Data System 12 2. Army Tactical Command and Control System 12 3. All Source Analysis System 13 4. Forward Area Air Defense Command, Control and Intelligence.. 15 5. Maneuver Control System 16 6. Standard Theater Army Command and Control System 17 C JOINT 18 1. Joint Tactical Information Distribution System 18 D. NAVY AND MARINE CORPS 19 1. Joint Maritime Command Information System 19 2. Navy Tactical Data System 20 m THE GLOBAL COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEM 21 A. C4I FOR THE WARRIOR 21 B. MIDTERM FIX 23 C. DEFENSE INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE 25 D. COMMON OPERATING ENVIRONMENT 26 E. COMMON OPERATIONAL PICTURE 28 F. LEVEL OF DETAIL 29 1. Army and Marine Corps 31 2. Air Force 31 3. Navy 32 G. REPORTING PROCEDURES 32 1. Air Component 33 2. Ground Component 33 3. Naval Component 34 4 Joint Special Operation Task Forces Commander 34 5. Special Interest Forces and Tracks 35 H. TRACK REPORTING 35 1. Enhanced Position Location Reporting System 35 vn . 2. Officer in Tactical Command Information Exchange System 36 3. Situational Awareness Beacon with Reply 37 4. Tactical Digital Information Links 37 5. Tactical Information Broadcast System 38 6. Tactical Related Applications 39 7. TRI-Service Tactical Communications System 39 I. TRACK FUSION 39 1. Joint Force Commander 41 2. Air Component Commander 41 3. Ground C oiponent Commander 41 4. Maritime Component Commander 42 IV CURRENT EFFORTS 43 A. AIR FORCE 43 B. ARMY 44 1. Army Global Command and Control System 45 2. Force XXI Battle Command, Brigade and Below 46 C. MARINE CORPS 50 1. Marine Air Ground Task Force C4I 50 2. Tactical Combat Operations System 51 D. NAVY 52 1. Force Threat Evaluation and Weapons Assignment 52 V FUTURE EFFORTS 55 A. AIR FORCE 55 1. New World Vistas Global Awareness Virtual Testbed 55 B. ARMY 56 1. Army Battlefield Command System 56 C. DEFENSE ADVANCE RESEARCH PROJECT AGENCY (DARPA) ..61 1. Battlefield Awareness and Data Dissemination 62 D. JOINT 64 1. Advanced Battlespace Information System 65 E. MARINE CORPS 68 1 Command and Control Personal Computer 68 F. NAVY 69 VI CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 71 A. CONCLUSION 71 B. RECOMMENDATIONS 72 LIST OF REFERENCES 75 INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST. 79 Vlll LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ABCS Army Battle Command System ABIS Advanced Battlespace Information System ACC Air Component Commander ACE Analysis and Control Element ACTD Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration AD Air Defense ADDS Automated Digital Data System AGDB Army Global Data Base AGCCS Army Global Command and Control System AOR Area of Responsibility ARG Amphibious Readiness Group ASAS All Source Analysis System ATCCS Army Tactical Command and Control System ATO Air Tasking Order AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System AWIS Army Worldwide Military Command and Control Information System B2C2 Battalion and Below Command and Control System BADD Battlefield Awareness and Data Dissemination BFA Battlefield Functional Area BFACS Battlefield Functional Area Control System BOS Battlefield Operating System BUU Basic Unit User C2 Command and Control C2PC Command and Control Personal Computer C2V Command and Control Vehicle C3DDS Command, Control, Communications, Decision, Display System C4I Command, Control, Communication, Computers, and Intelligence C4IFTW Command, Control, Communication, Computers, and Intelligence for the Warrior CIC Combat Information Center CINC Commander in Chief CIS Combat Intelligence System CGS Common Ground Station CJCS Chairman, Joint Chief of Staff CJTF Commander Joint Task Force COE Common Operating Environment IX coc Combat Operations Center COP Common Operational Picture COTS Commercial-off-the-shelf CPU Central Processing Unit cssoc Combat Service Support Operations Center CTP Common Tactical Picture DARPA Defense Advance Research Project Agency DII Defense Information Infrastructure DII COE Defense Information Infrastructure Common Operating Environment DISA Defense Information System Agency DISN Defense Information System Network DoD Department of Defense EAC Echelon Above Corps ECB Echelon Corps and Below ELINT Electronic Intelligence EPLRS Enhanced Position Location Reporting System FAAD Forward Area Air Defense FAADC2I Forward Area Air Defense Command, Control and