14266 Volume 2 Public Disclosure Authorized Defining antEnvironmental Devl-opment Strategy for the-Niger Delta.. May 25th, 1995 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Volume II Industry and Energy Operations Division West Central Africa Department Public Disclosure Authorized DEFINING AN ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY FOR THE NIGER DELTA VOLUME II ANNEXES CONTENTS Paee No. ANNEX A LIST OF WRITTEN STAKEHOLDER COMMENTS ON THE INITIAL DRAFT REPORT........................................................... 1 ANNEX B GLOBAL SEA LEVEL RISE..................................... ................ 3 ANNEX C CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS ................... 6 ANNEX D VALUATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS ....................... ..... 10 ANNEX E PLANTATIONS AND LARGE SCALE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT......................................................................... 17 ANNEX F EXOTIC SPECIES ........................................................... 22 ANNEX G ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGIES............................................ 24 ANNEX H INDUSTRIAL SUBSECTOR POLLUTION INFORMATION........ 31 ANNEX I GAS FLARING ASSESSMENT AND ALTERNATIVES.............. 40 ANNEX J REGULATORY AND INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSE TO DEGRADATION.................................................................... 45 ANNIEX K EDUCATION...............................................................................66 ANNEX L ESTIMATING THE HEALTH COSTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION...............................................................6..... 69 ANNEX M OIL INFRASTRUCTURE SABOTAGE AND COMPENSATION PROGRAM S................................................................................ 74 ANNEX N INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT......................................................................... 78 ANNEX 0 LAND USE ZONING................................................................ 81 ii Paee No. 122 REFERENEFE NC?ESU~S ....................................................... 12 Boxes 1 Sustainable Mangrove Management in Malaysia............................................... 12 2 Validation and Crosschecking of Traffic Data ................................................... 30 3 Compensation Rates and the Value of Forest Land ........................................... 75 Figures 1 Example of the Annual Production of Palm Fruits in 30 Year Rotation ............. 19 2 School Attendance......................................................... 67 Tables 1 Scenarios of the Displacement of People for Various Levels of Sea Level Rise (SLR) in Nigeria.......................................................... 3 2 Impacts of Sea Level Rise in the Nigeria Delta ................................................... 3 3 Cost of Protecting Against Sea Level Rise (SLR) .............................................. 4 4 Niger Delta Mangrove Forest Estimates .......................................................... 7 5 Commercial Timber Species......................................................... 9 6 Common Agricultural and Tree Crops ......................................................... 9 7 An Estimate of the Annual Value of Wood Products in Delta State .......... 11..........1 8 Some NTFPs (Mainly Edible) Commonly Gathered in the Niger Delta ......... ...... 13 9 Estimated Collection and Value of Some NTFPs for a Family (10 Persons) ....... 15 10 Risonpalm Plantations ........................................................ 18 11 Niger Delta Basin Development Authority Irrigation Projects ............................. 21 12 Fuel Comsumption in Some African Countries ................................................... 26 13 Number of Cars, Traffic Volume and Number of Cars per 1,000 Inhabitants in Some African Countries .27 14 Annual Travelling Distances for Different Types of Vehicles in Some African States ................................................ 28 15 Estimated Traffic Volumes Separated into Areas and Types of Fuels .................. 30 16 Effluent Ranges for Plating and Electroplating Industries.................................... 32 17 Typical Palm Oil Mill Waste Effluent................................................ 34 18 Median Waste Flows and Loadings for Petroleum Refinery Operations Foliowing Oil/Water Separation .................................................. 36 19 Air Emissions from Gas Flaring................................................. 41 20 Acidification and Life Time of Galvanised Sheet Steel ................................. ....... 43 21 Monthly Average Earnings in Port Harcourt ................................................. 69 22 Oil Spillage. Causes and Volumes for Shell in Delta State, 1991-1994 ............... 74 23 Compensation Rates In Oil Exploration Areas ................................................. 76 iii Paee No. 24 Mangrove Valuation Studies........................................................ 77 25 Benefits of ICZM for Environmental Problems in the Niger Delta ....................... 78 Annex Boxes A. 1 Water Supply Issues........................................................ 83 A.2 Intensification and Plantations - Issues for Forest Conservation .......................... 85 A.3 Experiments to Study the Effects of Oil Pollution in Mangrove Vegetation ......... 94 A.4 Existing and Potential Uses of Water Hyacinth.................................................. 108 Annex Tables A. 1 Land Use in Rivers State ........................................................ 82 A.2 Cost and Benefits of Increased Frequency of Flooding .................... ................... 84 A.3 Catch and Catch Per Effort of Inshore Fish and Shrimp Trawlers ........... ............ 85 A.4 The Potential Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) in Metric Tons ...................... 86 A.5 Official Catch Statistics and an Index of Fishing Effort for the Niger Delta ......... 87 A.6 The Price in Port Harcourt and the Capture in Rivers State for Eight Species ..... 88 A.7 Constituted and Proposed Forest Reserves ........................................................ 89 A.8 Rivers State Area Measurement of Land Use within Forest Reserves.................. 90 A.9 Conservation Status of Selected Fauna in the Niger Delta ................................... 91 A.10.a Oil, Water and Gas Production by The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (East), Port Harcourt, Rivers State .................................................... 92 A.10.b Oil, Water and Gas Production by The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria (West), Warri, Delta State ................................................. ....... 92 A. 11 Average Concentrations and Total Amounts of Oil in Discharged Production Water ........................................................ 93 A. 12 Oil Spillage in Delta and Rivers State, 1991-1994 .................................. ............ 95 A. 13 Impact of Oil in Mangroves ........................................................ 96 A. 14 Manufacturing Industries in Port Harcourt Area ................................................. 98 A.15a Estimated Air Emissions from Traffic in Nigeria ................................................ 106 A. 15b Estimated Air Emissions from Traffic in Rivers State .......................................... 106 A.l 5c Estimated Air Emissions from Traffic in Port Harcourt ...................................... 107 A. 16 Estimated Air Emissions from Industries in the Port Harcourt Area................... 109 A. 17 Estimated Water Effluents from Industries in the Port Harcourt Area ......... ....... 112 A. 18 Estimated Waste Generation from Industries in the Port Harcourt Area ............. 115 A. 19 Manufacturing Industries in Delta State, 1987 ............ ...................................... 117 ANNEX A LIST OF WRITTEN STAKEHOLDERCOMMENTS ON THE INITIAL DRAFT REPORT Representative and Organization Date Niger Delta Weltands Centre 17 March 1995 B. Chinsman and 0.0. Okoro, 20 February 1995 - Resident Representative and Environment Officer, UNDP Lagos. 9 February 1995 J.P van Dessel 31 January 1995 - Consultant - Former Head of Environmental Studies, Eastern Region, Shell Petroleum and Development Company of Nigeria. C. Wicks and Dr. Sian Pullen 25 January 1995 - Head of International Programme and Scientist, World Wildlife Fund - UK. Dr. A.J.T. Otobo 20 January 1995 - Niger Delta Wetlands Center. Dr. M. F. Ivbijaro 21 December 1994 Commissioner, Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delta State. J.E.E. Ighogboja 21 December 1994 - Ministry of Works, Delta State. L.E. Onyeche 21 December 1994 - Department of Fisheries, Delta State. Dr. W. I. Bell-Gam 19 December 1994 - International Centre for Environmental Education, Planning, and Training, UK. Dr. L.A. Daniel-Kalio 19 December 1994 - Crop Protection, Rivers State University of Science and Technology. N. Achebe 17 December 1994 - Director and General Manager,, Shell Petroleum and Development Company of Nigeria. P.A. Dike 14 December 1994 - Engineer, Rivers State Environmental Protection Agency Dr. N. C. Alagoa 9 December 1994 - Fisheries Department, Rivers State University of Science and Technology. M.N. Chimah 7 December 1994 - Eleme Petro-Chemicals Company Ltd. Chief H.J.R. Dappa-Biriye 15 November 1994 -2- Representative and Organization Date Dr. J. Oates 24 October 1994 - Department of Anthropology, Hunter College. City University of New York I.G. Nwafor and P.A. Dike no date - Rivers State Coastal Zone Coordinating Committee M. J. Ayotamuno no date - Engineer, Rivers State Environmental