FAMILY Phycidae Swainson, 1838 - phycid hakes [=Phycinae] Notes: Phycinae Swainson, 1838:317, 321 [ref. 4302] (subfamily) Phycis [Swainson 1839:188 [ref. 4303] used Physinae and Physis, and on p. 301 he used Phycinae and Physis] There is a pending BZN proposal to remove homonymy with a family-group name in Diptera and that would preserve Phycinae in fishes (Case 3605, see Gaimari, Hauser & Fricke (2013)). GENUS Phycis Walbaum, 1792 - phycid hakes [=Phycis Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Artedi), 1792:575, Phycis Artedi [P.], in Röse, 1793:111, Phycis Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:56] Notes: [ref. 4572]. Fem. Blennius phycis Linnaeus, 1766. Type by designation of ICZN. Treated as earliest description of Phycis by authors (see Cohen 1971 [ref. 21050]). •Valid as Phycis Walbaum, 1792 -- (Svetovidov 1973:314 [ref. 7169], Fahay & Markle 1984:266 [ref. 13653], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:705 [ref. 13676], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:65 [ref. 18936], Iwamoto & Cohen 2003:1006 [ref. 27011], , Gaimardi et al. 2013:22 [ref. 32571] with change of type species of Tinca marina Walbaum, 1792, ICZN Case 3605). Current status: Valid as Phycis Walbaum, 1792. Phycidae. (Phycis) [ref. 3833]. Fem. Phycis tinca Bloch & Schneider, 1801. •Synonym of Phycis Walbaum 1792. Current status: Synonym of Phycis Walbaum, 1792. Phycidae. (Phycis) [ref. 471]. Fem. Blennius phycis Linnaeus, 1766. Type by absolute tautonymy. Apparently not an original description, but listed as such by Jordan. Bloch & Schneider 1801 renamed the species phycis as tinca. In any event, objectively invalid; preoccupied by Phycis Walbaum (ex Artedi 1792) in fishes. •In the synonymy of Phycis Walbaum, 1792. Current status: Synonym of Phycis Walbaum, 1792. Phycidae. Species Phycis blennoides (Brunnich, 1768) - greater forkbeard [=Gadus blennoides Brünnich [M. T.], 1768:24, Gadus albidus Gmelin [J. F.], 1789:1171, Gadus bifurcus Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:137, Gadus didactylus Bonnaterre [J. P.], 1788:50, Phycis furcatus Fleming [J.], 1828:193, Blennius gadoides Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1800:458, 484, Batrachoides gmelini Risso [A.], 1810:143, Pl. 6 (fig. 16), Urophycis musicki Cohen [D. M.] & Lavenberg [R. J.], 1984:1008, Phycis tinca Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:56, Pl. 11] Notes: [Ichthyologia Massiliensis, sistens piscium descriptiones eorumque apud incolas nomina.; ref. 17290] Marseille, France, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768). Phycidae. Distribution: Western Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Norway and Iceland to Mauritania. Habitat: freshwater, marine. (albidus) [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768). Phycidae. Habitat: freshwater, marine. (bifurcus) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768). Phycidae. Habitat: freshwater, marine. (didactylus) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768). Phycidae. Habitat: freshwater, marine. (furcatus) [A history of British animals; ref. 1339] South coast of England. Current status: Synonym of Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768). Phycidae. Habitat: freshwater, marine. (gadoides) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 2; ref. 2709] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768). Phycidae. Habitat: freshwater, marine. (gmelini) [Ichthyologie de Nice; ref. 3755] Villefranche-sur-Mer, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768). Phycidae. Habitat: freshwater, marine. (musicki) [Copeia 1984 (no. 4); ref. 17429] Current status: Synonym of Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768). Phycidae. Habitat: freshwater, marine. (tinca) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Northern Ocean. Current status: Synonym of Phycis blennoides (Brünnich, 1768). Phycidae. Habitat: freshwater, marine. Species Phycis chesteri Goode & Bean, 1878 - longfin hake [=Phycis chesteri Goode [G. B.] & Bean [T. H.], 1878:256] Notes: [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 1 (no. 40); ref. 18131] 42 miles east by south of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, depth 140 fathoms; 33 miles east by south of Cape Ann, depth 110 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Phycis chesteri Goode & Bean, 1878. Phycidae. Distribution: Greenland and western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. Species Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766) - forkbeard [=Blennius phycis Linnaeus [C.], 1766:442, Phycis furcatus Bowdich [S. L.], 1825:122, Fig. 28, Batrachoides gmelini Risso [A.], 1810:143, Pl. 6 (fig. 16), Phycis limbatus Valenciennes [A.], 1838:[78], Pl. 14, Tinca marina Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Artedi), 1792:575, Phycis mediterraneus Delaroche [F. E.], 1809:332 [46], Blennius mustea Rafinesque [C. S.], 1810:27, Pl. 3 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Valid as Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766). Phycidae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea, eastern Atlantic: Bay of Biscay, Madeira and Azores to Cape Verde Islands. Habitat: brackish, marine. (furcatus) [Fishes of Madeira; ref. 590] Madeira. Current status: Synonym of Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766). Phycidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (limbatus) [Ichthyologie des îles Canaries v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 4502] Lanzarote, Grand Canary, and Tenerife, Canary Islands. Current status: Synonym of Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766). Phycidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (marina) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766). Phycidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (mediterraneus) [Annales du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 13; ref. 17380] [Iviça] Ibiza, Baleares Islands, Spain, western Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766). Phycidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. (mustea) [Caratteri di alcuni nuovi generi e nuove specie di animali e piante della Sicilia; ref. 3594] Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Current status: Synonym of Phycis phycis (Linnaeus, 1766). Phycidae. Habitat: brackish, marine. GENUS Urophycis Gill, 1863 - phycid hakes [=Urophycis Gill [T. N.], 1863:240, Emphycus (subgenus of Urophycis) Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.], 1898:2552, 2555] Notes: [ref. 1687]. Fem. Blennius regius Walbaum, 1792. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Urophycis Gill, 1863 -- (Svetovidov 1973:316 [ref. 7169], Musick 1973 [ref. 7144], Fahay & Markle 1984:266 [ref. 13653], Svetovidov in Whitehead et al. 1986:708 [ref. 13676], Cohen in Cohen et al. 1990:81 [ref. 18936], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:166 [ref. 24550], Iwamoto & Cohen 2003:1006 [ref. 27011]). Current status: Valid as Urophycis Gill, 1863. Phycidae. (Emphycus) [ref. 2445]. Masc. Gadus tenuis Mitchill, 1814. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Urophycis Gill, 1863. Current status: Synonym of Urophycis Gill, 1863. Phycidae. Species Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, 1858) - Brazilian codling [=Phycis brasiliensis Kaup [J. J.], 1858:88, Blennius brotola Larrañaga [D. A.], 1923:375, 382, Urophycis latus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de], 1903:191 [48], Laemonema longifilis Günther [A.], 1880:13, Pl. 7 (fig. B)] Notes: [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 24 (no. 1); ref. 2576] Montevideo, Uruguay. Current status: Valid as Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, 1858). Phycidae. Distribution: Southwestern Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (brotola) [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Current status: Synonym of Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, 1858). Phycidae. (latus) [Boletim Sociedade Nacional Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro [Lavoura] 1903 (nos 4-7); ref. 3709] East-southeast of Ilha Rasa, off coast of Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, 1858). Phycidae. Habitat: freshwater. (longifilis) [Report on the shore fishes procured during the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger in the years 1873-1876 v. 1 (pt 6); ref. 2011] Río de la Plata mouth, Challenger station 321, depth 13 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, 1858). Phycidae. Habitat: marine. Species Urophycis chuss (Walbaum, 1792) - red hake [=Blennius chuss Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Schöpf), 1792:186, Enchelyopus americanus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:53, Blennius barbatus Suckow [G. A.], 1799:259, Phycis filamentosus Storer [D. H.], 1858:367, Pl. 29 (fig. 4), Gadus longipes Mitchill [S. L.], 1814:5, Phycis marginatus Rafinesque [C. S.], 1818:205] Notes: [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated [New York, U.S.A.]. Current status: Valid as Urophycis chuss (Walbaum, 1792). Phycidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic. Habitat: marine. (americanus) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] "Novo Eboraco". Current status: Synonym of Urophycis chuss (Walbaum, 1792). Phycidae. Habitat: marine. (barbatus) [Naturgeschichte der Thiere v. 4, pt. 1; ref. 18858] Current status: Synonym of Urophycis chuss (Walbaum, 1792). Phycidae. (filamentosus) [Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (new series) v. 6 (pt 2, art. 7); ref. 18849] Massachusetts Bay, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Urophycis chuss (Walbaum, 1792). Phycidae. Habitat: marine. (longipes) [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] New York, U.S.A. Current status: Synonym of Urophycis chuss (Walbaum,