DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT TITLE: The Study and Practical Application of Sustainable and Energy Efficient Design and Technology for HVAC and Centralised Solar Hot Water Systems in the Al Zeina Development, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates By: Farshid Salehi September 2012 ’ Master s Thesis in Energy Systems Master Programme in Energy Systems Examiner: Taghi Karimipanah Supervisor: Ulf Larsson Opponent: Saeed Heravi i ABSTRACT The Al Raha Beach Development entail a major new city situated at Al Raha Beach on the outskirts of Abu Dhabi- United Arab Emirates. The Development is currently in the early stages of construction and will involve the creation of a new landmass to accommodate the development of several precincts along a canal frontage with an integrated mix of uses including residential, commercial, retail, tourism, recreation and public spaces. The aim is to create a land area for hotels, resorts, shopping arcades, waterside promenades, apartments and offices to ultimately develop a new waterfront city. This 11km long complex has an area of 6,800,000m2, a total built up area of 12,000,000m2 and comprises 9 subdevelopments, including the highly prestigious Al Zeina development. ‘the strategic gateway to Al Ra ’ and The Al Zeina precinct is considered as ha was constructed at a cost of $510M in 127,190 m2 of land. It provides 1,200 premium Apartments, Townhouses and Villas facing the golden beaches of Abu Dhabi. A large range of facilities within the development, such as swimming pools, private gardens, retail facilities, gymnasiums and libraries are also provided for residents. Pell Frischmann was appointed to provide a full multidisciplinary design service including: architecture, structural engineering, geotechnical and M&E engineering design, fire, vertical transportation, traffic and transportation, construction supervision and the authority approvals. ’Rourke, appointed Pell Frischmann to The developer, a joint venture between ALDAR and Laing O design the entire complex based on a previous concept. At the time Pell Frischmann was commissioned, there were no standards or regulations relating to sustainability in place in the UAE. As a consequence, the developer, in recognition of global concerns, specified that it needed to “Silver” rating. Achieving achieve a minimum Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design (LEED) this rating would require design and construction techniques that were very different to the traditional methods of constructing buildings in the UAE. The Al Zeina scheme was procured as a fast-track project with a demanding programme. This was to ’s Yas Island leisure development. The short programme ensure the scheme would tie in with ALDAR that was specified meant that design and construction had to go hand-in-hand. ’s sustainable aspirations, and the lack of standard regulations in the The strict program, the client – UAE led to the key challenges on this project where the conflicting requirements of our client and the authorities led to considerable design changes. Pell Frischmann acted as arbiter during these discussions to achieve a solution that pleased both the client and the authorities. However, further challenges occurred with the collapse of the global economy, where Abu Dhabi was particularly badly affected, and how we worked with our client through these new and unforeseen pressures. From April 2008 to present, I have been working for Pell Frischmann Consultants, as a senior Mechanical Engineer in building services. Pell Frischmann is a UK based consultant with major operations throughout Europe, the Middle East and Asia. Table of Contents ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................................... I ............................................................................................................... 1 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 SITE LOCATION ................................................................... 3 1.2 AL ZEINA PROJECT STATISTICS AND LAND-USE .......................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 CONCEPT DESIGN ................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 ADJACENT LAND USE ......................................................................................... 9 2 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AT AL ZEINA ........................................................................................................................................ 9 2.1 OVERVIEW ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.2 DESIGN APPROACH ....................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 REDUCE ENERGY DEMAND ......................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 HOT WATER GENERATION ......................................................................................................... 11 2.2.3 REDUCE WATER DEMAND ................................................................................................ 12 3 MECHANICAL SYSTEM DESIGN ..................................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 PREAMBLE ................................................................................................................... 13 3.2 DESIGN STANDARDS ........................................................................... 14 3.3 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ............................................................................................... 16 3.4 INTERNAL DESIGN CONDITIONS ................................................................ 18 4 AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS ................................................................................................... 18 4.1 SCOPE AND DESIGN METHOD .......................................................................................................... 19 4.2 CHILLED WATER SYSTEM .......................................................... 20 4.3 AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION- DWELLINGS ............................................... 33 4.4 AIR CONDITIONING AND VENTILATION - COMMON AREAS. ................................................................................................... 34 4.5 CENTRAL FRESH AIR SUPPLY ........................................................................................................................... 41 4.6 CHILLED WATER ............................................................................................................ 41 4.6.1 CHILLED WATER PUMPS ............................................................................................................ 49 4.7 CAR PARK VENTILATION ........................................................................................................................................ 49 4.7.1 GENERAL ......................................................................... 49 4.7.2 COMPUTERIZED FLUID DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ................................................................................................... 50 4.7.3 SUPPLY AND EXHAUST FANS ...................................................................................... 51 4.7.4 SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL .............................................................................................. 53 4.8 STAIR/LOBBY PRESSURIZATION .................................................................................................. 53 4.8.1 STAIRWELL PRESSURIZATION .................................................................. 53 4.8.2 CONTROL OF STAIR PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM ................................................................................................. 55 4.8.3 LIFT LOBBY PRESSURIZATION ................................................................ 55 4.8.4 CONTROL OF LOBBY PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM ............................................................... 55 4.8.5 COMMISSIONING OF PRESSURIZATION SYSTEMS .................................................................................................... 56 5 SOLAR HOT WATER SYSTEM ................................................................................................................... 56 5.1 HOT WATER SUPPLY .................................................................................... 56 5.2 ABU DHABI SOLAR RADIATION DATA: ................................................................................... 56 5.3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION AND CONTROL .................................................................................................................. 59 5.4 SOLAR COLLECTORS .............................................................................................................. 60 5.5 HOT WATER PIPEWORK ........................................................................... 60 5.6 HOT WATER PRESSURE BOOSTER PUMPS ............................................................................................................... 61 5.7 CONDENSING BOILERS .................................................................................................................... 62 5.8 HEAT EXCHANGERS ............................................................................................................................