Cultural Tourism in a Changing World TOURISM AND CULTURAL CHANGE Series Editors: Professor Mike Robinson, Centre for Tourism and Cultural Change, Sheffield Hallam University, UK and Dr Alison Phipps, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK Understanding tourism’s relationships with culture(s) and vice versa, is of ever-increasing significance in a globalising world. This series will critically examine the dynamic inter-relationships between tourism and culture(s). Theoretical explorations, research-informed analyses, and detailed historical reviews from a variety of disciplinary perspectives are invited to consider such relationships. Other Books in the Series Irish Tourism: Image, Culture and Identity Michael Cronin and Barbara O’Connor (eds) Tourism, Globalization and Cultural Change: An Island Community Perspective Donald V.L. Macleod The Global Nomad: Backpacker Travel in Theory and Practice Greg Richards and Julie Wilson (eds) Tourism and Intercultural Exchange: Why Tourism Matters Gavin Jack and Alison Phipps Discourse, Communication and Tourism Adam Jaworski and Annette Pritchard (eds) Histories of Tourism: Representation, Identity and Conflict John K. Walton (ed) Other Books of Interest Managing Educational Tourism Brent W. Ritchie Marine Ecotourism: Issues and Experiences Brian Garrod and Julie C. Wilson (eds) Natural Area Tourism: Ecology, Impacts and Management D. Newsome, S.A. Moore and R. Dowling Progressing Tourism Research Bill Faulkner, edited by Liz Fredline, Leo Jago and Chris Cooper Recreational Tourism: Demand and Impacts Chris Ryan Shopping Tourism: Retailing and Leisure Dallen Timothy Sport Tourism Development Thomas Hinch and James Higham Sport Tourism: Interrelationships, Impact and Issues Brent Ritchie and Daryl Adair (eds) Tourism Collaboration and Partnerships Bill Bramwell and Bernard Lane (eds) Tourism and Development: Concepts and Issues Richard Sharpley and David Telfer (eds) For more details of these or any other of our publications, please contact: Channel View Publications, Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon, BS21 7HH, England http://www.channelviewpublications.com TOURISM AND CULTURAL CHANGE 7 Series Editors: Mike Robinson and Alison Phipps Cultural Tourism in a Changing World Politics, Participation and (Re)presentation Edited by Melanie Smith and Mike Robinson CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS Clevedon • Buffalo • Toronto Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 1-84541-044-0 / EAN 978-1-84541-044-5 (hbk) ISBN 1-84541-043-2 / EAN 978-1-84541-043-8 (pbk) ISBN 1-84541-045-9 / EAN 978-1-84541-045-2 (Ebook) Channel View Publications An imprint of Multilingual Matters Ltd UK: Frankfurt Lodge, Clevedon Hall, Victoria Road, Clevedon BS21 7HH. USA: 2250 Military Road, Tonawanda, NY 14150, USA. Canada: 5201 Dufferin Street, North York, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T8. Copyright © 2005 M. Smith, M.R obinson and the authors of individual chapters. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Typeset by Datapage Ltd. Printed and bound in Great Britain by the Cromwell Press. Contents Acknowledgements . vii Contributors . ix 1 Politics, Power and Play: The Shifting Contexts of Cultural Tourism Mike Robinson and Melanie Smith ........................ 1 Part 1: Politics and Cultural Policy ......................... 19 2 Cultural Politics, Cultural Policy and Cultural Tourism Jim Butcher ........................................ 21 3 Heritage Tourism Politics in Ireland Catherine Kelly ...................................... 36 4 Heritage Tourism and the Revitalisation of Barony Life in Norway Arvid Viken ........................................ 56 5 Cultural Tourism and Socioeconomic Development in Poland Barbara Marciszewska ................................. 71 Part 2: Community Participation and Empowerment ........... 87 6 Cultural Tourism, Community Participation and Empowerment Stroma Cole ........................................ 89 7 Cultural Tourism in African Communities: A Comparison Between Cultural Manyattas in Kenya and the Cultural Tourism Project in Tanzania Rene van der Duim, Karin Peters and John Akama ............ 104 8 Township Tourism - Blessing or Blight? The Case of Soweto in South Africa Jennifer Briedenhann and Pranill Ramchander ............... 124 9 Community Empowerment through Voluntary Input: A Case Study of Kiltimagh Integrated Resource Development (IRD) Frances McGettigan, Kevin Burns and Fiona Candon .......... 143 10 Raising the Status of Lappish Communities through Tourism Development Satu Miettinen ..................................... 159 v vi Cultural Tourism in a Changing World Part 3: Authenticity and Commodification .................. 175 11 Cultural Tourism: Aspects of Authenticity and Commodification Nikki MacLeod ..................................... 177 12 The Process of Authenticating Souvenirs Frans Schouten ..................................... 191 13 Pataxo´ Tourist Arts and Cultural Authenticity Rodrigo de Azeredo Gru¨newald .......................... 203 14 Authenticity and Commodification of Balinese Dance Performances Tanuja Barker, Darma Putra and Agung Wiranatha ........... 215 Part 4: Interpretation ................................... 225 15 Interpretation in Cultural Tourism La´szlo´ Puczko´ ...................................... 227 16 Interpretation in the House of Terror Tamara Ra´tz ....................................... 244 17 UK Museum Policy and Interpretation: Implications for Cultural Tourism Josie Appleton ...................................... 257 18 Caves in Belgium: Standardisation or Diversification? Anya Diekmann, Ge´raldine Maulet and Ste´phanie Que´riat ...... 271 19 Liberating the Heritage City: Towards Cultural Engagement Marion Stuart-Hoyle and Jane Lovell ..................... 290 Acknowledgements We would dearly like to thank all of the contributors to this book and in particular our four coordinating editors: Jim Butcher, Stroma Cole, Nikki MacLeod and La´szlo´ Puczko´. Thanks are also due to the Association for Tourism and Leisure Education (ATLAS) and go also to Sami Grover and the production team at Channel View Publications for their assistance and patience. Melanie Smith and Mike Robinson. vii Contributors John Akama, Department of Tourism, Moi University, Kenya [email protected] Josie Appleton, Spiked-Online, UK [email protected] Tanuja Barker, Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining, University of Queensland, Australia [email protected] Jenny Briedenhann, Faculty of Leisure and Tourism, Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College, UK [email protected] Kevin Burns, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Ireland [email protected] Jim Butcher, Department of Sport, Tourism and Lesiure, Canterbury Christ Church University College [email protected] Stroma Cole, Faculty of Leisure and Tourism, Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College, UK [email protected] Rene van der Duim, Department of Environmental Studies, Wageningen University, The Netherlands [email protected] Anya Diekmann, Department Gestion et Analyse du Tourisme, IGEAT, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium [email protected] Rodrigo de Azeredo Gru¨newald, Sociology and Anthropology Department, Federal University of Campina Grande, Brazil [email protected] ix x Cultural Tourism in a Changing World Catherine Kelly, Heritage, Arts and Tourism Division, Business School, University of Greenwich, UK [email protected] Jane Lovell, Canterbury City Council, UK [email protected] Fiona Candon, Western Development Commission, Ireland [email protected] Nicola MacLeod, University of Greenwich, London [email protected] Frances McGettigan, Athlone Institute of Technology, Ireland [email protected] Barbara Marciszewska, Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Institute of Tourism and Recreation, Poland [email protected] Ge´raldine Maulet, Department, Gestion et Analyse du Tourisme, IGEAT, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium [email protected] Satu Miettinen, University of Art and Design, Helsinki, Finland [email protected] Karin Peters, Department of Environmental Studies, Wageningen University, The Netherlands [email protected] La´szlo´ Puczko´, Xellum Consukting Ltd, Budapest, Hungary [email protected] Darma Putra, ???? Ste´phanie Que´riat, Department Gestion et Analyse du Tourisme, IGEAT, Universite´ Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium [email protected] Cultural Tourism in a Changing World xi Pranhill Ramchander, Technikon SA, Department of Marketing and Tourism, South Africa [email protected] Tamara Ra´tz, Budapest University of Economic Sciences [email protected] Mike Robinson, Centre for Tourism and Cultural Change, Sheffield Hallam University, UK mike [email protected] Frans Schouten, NHTV Breda University of Professional Education, The Netherlands [email protected] Melanie Smith, University of Greenwich, London [email protected] Marion Stuart-Hoyle, Department of Sport, Tourism and Lesiure, Canterbury Christ Church University College, UK [email protected] Arvid Viken, Finnmark University College, Norway [email protected] Agung Wiranatha, Udayana University, Indonesia Chapter 1 Politics, Power and Play: The Shifting Contexts of Cultural Tourism MIKE ROBINSON and MELANIE