18 While Gibney's Rolling Stone interviewees p New Journalism, New Ethics: The case of the Ibogaine tendency to be disturbed by light and noise.7 The study claimed insisted that even reporters who had been following Muskie that the drug had been legal in many European pharmacies for for several months took the accusations seriously, McGovern Effect and the Writing of Hunter S. Thompson over 30 years, and that the Iboga plant root originated from West campaign strategist Frank Mankiewicz claimed that everybody hilosophy was aware that these allegations were ridiculous.19 8 This research was the basis of Despite the division of opinions about the amount of sway Thompson’s allegations on the pages of Rolling Stone that Muskie this story actually had with the public and other journalists Maya Dukmasova, 2012 & Adam Awad, 2010 was addicted to Ibogaine. He also mentioned the presence covering the campaign, the fact remains that the story of Adviser: Justin Martin, Ph.D. Muskie’s Ibogaine abuse was fabricated. In an interview with Department of Philosophy, University of Rochester & Department of Journalism, American University in Cairo administer the drug. Playboy magazine a year after the publication of Fear and Loathing Thompson then reinforced the Ibogaine story by relating on the Campaign Trail '72, Thompson openly admitted the falsity the alleged drug abuse to Muskie’s suspicious behavior on the of his allegations. He defended himself by claiming that he campaign trail. First, he blamed it for the candidate's emotional breakdown in New Hampshire. In February of that year, Muskie was a rumor of a Brazilian doctor bringing Muskie Ibogaine and his wife were attacked by the Union-Leader, a newspaper 20 In another in Manchester, NH. In an anonymous letter printed in the interview on a 1970s talk show Thompson openly declared that paper, Muskie and his staff were accused of having referred to 21 Americans of French-Canadian descent (an important voting 9Additionally, the NEW ETHICS FOR THE NEW JOURNALISM he sound of Hunter S. Thompson's name usually lapses into fabrication and fantasy were actually evidence of One of the fundamental necessities in considering the case T engenders a chain reaction of associations: strange a deep ethical commitment to the profession and the public, 10 While giving a response of Hunter S. Thompson's writing and its ethical implications behavior, drug use, guns, and many other eccentricities and unrivaled by contemporary traditional journalists and publishers. is the idea that journalism genres do exist. Far from being a condemning its publisher William Loeb, Muskie appeared to monolithic, uniform type of literary activity guided by one set of century counterculture leader. However, one must not forget "BIG ED ExPOSED AS IBOGAINE ADDICT" have started crying. professional and stylistic standards, journalism takes on diverse that Thompson was, before all, a journalist. His work in the Four candidates were leading the 1972 Democratic primary forms in the service of the truth and the public. Journalism news business began in the late 1950s at various publications in elections: Senator George McGovern (SD), Alabama Governor thought to be a determining factor in the candidate's poorer- is not just writing the news, it can also be satire, muckraking, the New York City area, including TIME magazine1. Yet it was George Wallace, Senator Hubert Humphrey (MN) and Senator than-expected performance at the polls nine days later.11 Muskie yellow journalism (tabloids), investigations, photography and not until the middle of the 1960s that he gained notoriety for his Edmund Muskie (ME). Thompson's biased coverage revealed claimed that he had not actually been crying and that it was just illustration, editorials, and feature writing. Over the years, unusual writing style and questionable reporting techniques that snow in his eyes. However, it is popularly believed that he in fact standards of objectivity and truth have been challenged by would later be labeled Gonzo journalism. Thompson's in-depth season.3 He consistently presented McGovern as the underdog broke down.12 individual journalists and organizations. These notions, and reporting on the Hell's Angels motorcycle gang for The Nation hero of American's conscience while ridiculing and deploring the candidate's overwhelmed state in light of the attacks made how they are to be represented, may change over time among caught the eye of other journalists and publications who sought the other candidates. To Thompson, they represented nothing by Loeb's paper, but Thompson had another explanation: He to push the limits of traditional practices in the profession. Yet more than the outgrowths of the corrupt establishment. He the Hell's Angels story and the book Thompson subsequently was also a great critic of the incumbent Richard Nixon, writing Muskie to become hysterical.13 Thompson also alleged that that it speaks the consensus of some actual community of published were still far from the type of writing he would adopt that “McGovern made some stupid mistakes, but in context they Ibogaine was to blame for Muskie’s erratic behavior during interpreters... In turn, disagreements over truth signal appeals in his 1971 opus, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas and later in seem almost frivolous compared to the things Richard Nixon other speeches, including one in Miami, Florida when he angrily to different communities of interpretation, with their own Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72. Of that earlier work, 4 reprimanded drunk hecklers.14 Further, he wrote that Muskie’s 22 The 1972 election was a time of deep political and excessive eye rolling during TV interviews and his “babbling The other important element to consider in an analysis of is not Gonzo, it is not surreal, it is straight journalism but it's generational divisions in the United States. The Vietnam War was Thompson's work is the context of the time period in which it 2 at its height and a central issue in the election. One of the main went as far as to say that Muskie had been hallucinating “Gila was produced. The 1960s and 70s were decades of great social By 1972, Thompson was writing for Rolling Stone magazine goals in McGovern's platform was immediate withdrawal from 15 and was sent out by Editor-in-Chief Jann Wenner to cover the war; his campaign also made many pledges that appealed to It is noteworthy that by the end of the chapter on Muskie’s the United States. In one of the most thoughtful and detailed that year's Democratic primary elections. His articles are seen the young and politically disenfranchised demographics of the Ibogaine abuse, Thompson insinuates that his allegations aren’t analyses of Thompson's work and the wider movement it today as a staple of the avant-garde journalistic style which was country. Thompson made it his mission to help McGovern win represented, John J. Pauly of the University of Tulsa describes famously labeled by writer Tom Wolfe as the New Journalism. the nomination and attracted attention with his heavily worded how these tensions played out in journalism: Though they originally appeared as regular features in the criticisms of the other nominees. At one point he labeled doctor on Muskie’s team was nowhere to be found.16 This magazine, the articles were later compiled and republished as a Humphrey a “shallow, contemptible and hopelessly dishonest vagueness indicated to many that the accusations did not hold to be free to tell stories as they saw them, without being shackled book. water. However this did not stop other journalists from using by institutional conventions of objectivity. They thought that Early on in his reports, it became clear that Thompson hypocrisies in Humphrey's addresses to the voters of different the allegations as fact.17 According to the editors and critics personal involvement and immersion were indispensable to decided to throw his support behind George McGovern, an states.5 However, once McGovern secured the nomination, an authentic, full-blooded account of experience. Detractors, unlikely candidate running against veteran politicians. Contrary Thompson believed that the candidate had capitulated on some the allegations of Ibogaine abuse. “Reporters believed it enough especially editors, abhorred that personal voice, because they to other traditional journalists, Thompson was very explicit of his earlier ideals. He proceeded to reprimand him accordingly felt it betrayed the public's trust in journalism as unbiased about his political allegiances. He infused his fanciful narrative 6 Burks, former managing editor of Rolling Stone. This came as a fact. The controversy clearly went beyond narrow matters of style with information that was at times plain false and usually These issues lead us to the focus of our case study: shock to Thompson and his colleagues at the magazine. Charles literary technique, for it alluded to ubiquitous arguments about ukmasova presented the candidates and campaign members he disliked in Thompson’s attack on Ed Muskie. In the April chapter of Fear Perry, editor of Rolling Stone recalled receiving and printing the journalists' sincerity, authenticity, and loyalties. 'Personalism' and Loathing Thompson refers to a study on the Ibogaine drug articulated young journalists' newly imagined connection to however, were actually in congruence with the vision espoused by PharmChem Laboratories in California. In it, he presented to look it up. And then we started wondering if somebody could the people and events they reported. As a style of political by the New Journalism. As we will discuss below, Thompson's details of the effects of the drug on individuals that included sue us about this. Then we realized how silly that would be so we commitment, personalism apposed itself to the thin-lipped, d 52 53 Volume 9 Issues 1 & 2 Fall 2010 - Spring 2011 sa.rochester.edu/jur p emotionally repressive style of middle-class worklife.