A Companion to the Anthropology of Europe The Blackwell Companions to Anthropology offer a series of comprehensive syntheses of the traditional subdisciplines, primary subjects, and geographic areas of inquiry for the field. Taken together, the series represents both a contemporary survey of anthro- pology and a cutting edge guide to the emerging research and intellectual trends in the field as a whole. 1. A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology edited by Alessandro Duranti 2. A Companion to the Anthropology of Politics edited by David Nugent and Joan Vincent 3. A Companion to the Anthropology of American Indians edited by Thomas Biolsi 4. A Companion to Psychological Anthropology edited by Conerly Casey and Robert B. Edgerton 5. A Companion to the Anthropology of Japan edited by Jennifer Robertson 6. A Companion to Latin American Anthropology edited by Deborah Poole 7. A Companion to Biological Anthropology edited by Clark Larsen (hardback only) 8. A Companion to the Anthropology of India edited by Isabelle Clark-Decès 9. A Companion to Medical Anthropology edited by Merrill Singer and Pamela I. Erickson 10. A Companion to Cognitive Anthropology edited by David B. Kronenfeld, Gio- vanni Bennardo, Victor de Munck, and Michael D. Fischer 11. A Companion to Cultural Resource Management edited by Thomas King 12. A Companion to the Anthropology of Education edited by Bradley A. U. Levinson and Mica Pollack 13. A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment edited by Frances E. Mascia-Lees 14. A Companion to Paleopathology edited by Anne L. Grauer 15. A Companion to Folklore edited by Regina F. Bendix and Galit Hasan-Rokem 16. A Companion to Forensic Anthropology edited by Dennis Dirkmaat 17. A Companion to the Anthropology of Europe edited by Ullrich Kockel, Máiréad Nic Craith, and Jonas Frykman Forthcoming A Companion to Paleoanthropology, edited by David Begun A Companion to Chinese Archaeology, edited by Anne Underhill A Companion to Border Studies, edited by Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan A Companion to the Anthropology of Europe Edited by Ullrich Kockel, Máiréad Nic Craith, and Jonas Frykman A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2012 © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. 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If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A companion to the anthropology of Europe / edited by Ullrich Kockel, Máiréad Nic Craith, and Jonas Frykman. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-9073-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Anthropology—Europe. 2. Ethnology—Europe. 3. Ethnic groups—Europe. I. Kockel, Ullrich. II. Nic Craith, Máiréad. III. Frykman, Jonas, 1942– GN17.3.E85C66 2012 301.094—dc23 2011038090 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 10 on 12.5 pt Galliard by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited 1 2012 Contents Notes on Contributors viii 1 Introduction: The Frontiers of Europe and European Ethnology 1 Ullrich Kockel, Máiréad Nic Craith, and Jonas Frykman Part I Europe’s Cardinal Directions 11 2 The Anthropology of Mediterranean Societies 13 Christian Giordano 3 Nordic Reflections on Northern Social Research 32 Hugh Beach 4 Multiculturalism in North America and Europe 51 Reginald Byron 5 Anthropology in Postsocialist Europe 68 Michał Buchowski 6 Europe in Eurasia 88 Chris Hann 7 Mitteleuropean Ethnology in Transition 103 Gabriela Kiliánová Part II European Integration 123 8 Anthropological Studies of European Identity Construction 125 Lisanne Wilken 9 Memory, Citizenship, and Consumer Culture in Postsocialist Europe 145 Ksenija Vidmar Horvat 10 The Europe of Regions and Borderlands 163 Thomas M. Wilson 11 Citizenship(s) in European Contexts 181 Catherine Neveu and Elena Filippova vi CONTENTS 12 Local Practices of European Identity on the New Eastern Borders of the EU 199 Justyna Straczuk 13 European Politics, Policies, and Institutions 212 Marion Demossier Part III European Heritages 231 14 Presencing Europe’s Pasts 233 Sharon Macdonald 15 An Anthropology of War and Recovery: Lived War Experiences 253 Maja Povrzanovic´ Frykman 16 European Religious Fragmentation and the Rise of Civil Religion 275 Peter Jan Margry 17 Studying Muslims of Europe 295 Gabriele Marranci 18 Roma and Sinti: The “Other” within Europe 310 Sabrina Kopf 19 Landscape, Landscape History, and Landscape Theory 322 Norbert Fischer Part IV Cultural Practice 337 20 European Tourism 339 Orvar Löfgren 21 The Diversity of European Food Cultures 355 Gisela Welz 22 Language, Power, and Politics in Europe 373 Máiréad Nic Craith 23 Europe at the Crossroads of Rights and Culture(s) 389 Valdimar Tr. Hafstein and Martin Skrydstrup 24 Corporate Social Responsibility and Cultural Practices on Globalizing Markets 407 Christina Garsten 25 Extreme Neo-nationalist Music Scenes at the Heart of Europe 425 David Murphy 26 Anthropological Perspectives on the European Urban Landscape 440 Christiane Schwab Part V Disciplinary Boundary Crossings 457 27 Medical Anthropology and Anthropological Studies of Science 459 Maryon McDonald 28 Uses of the Internet in European Ethnographic Research 480 Elisenda Ardévol and Adolfo Estalella 29 Visual Culture, Ethnography, and Interactive Media 497 Terence Wright CONTENTS vii 30 Hybrid Worlds of Europe: Theoretical and Practical Aspects 519 Elka Tschernokoshewa 31 An Anthropological Perspective on Literary Arts in Ireland 537 Helena Wulff 32 Toward an Ethnoecology of Place and Displacement 551 Ullrich Kockel *** 33 A Tale of Two Disciplines: European Ethnology and the Anthropology of Europe 572 Jonas Frykman Index 590 Notes on Contributors Elisenda Ardévol is a senior lecturer in the Arts and Humanities Department at the Open University of Catalonia. She also collaborates with the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Her doctoral dissertation focused on visual anthropology and ethno- graphic cinema. During her career, she has taught courses and seminars in different Spanish universities and cultural institutions, and she also has been visiting scholar at the Center for Visual Anthropology, at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. She carried out fieldwork among the gypsy community of Granada, in Afro- American religious communities of Los Angeles, and in the Courts of Justice in Barcelona. She is currently doing research about the Internet, new media, online sociability, and digital cultures. Elisenda is also involved in the Master of Creative Documentary program at the University of Barcelona. She has a strong publishing record. Hugh Beach studied anthropology at Harvard College and as a young man partici- pated in a year of study and travel with Gregory Bateson. He has lived among Sámi reindeer herders for many years in Sweden, Norway, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. In Swedish Sápmi, he has studied changes in reindeer herding practices and also the effects of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. He has worked as a reindeer herder in Alaska with the Inuit NANA Regional Corporation herd, and is specialized in the study of indigenous circumpolar peoples. He has been Chairman of the Swedish Minority Rights Group and expert adviser on Sámi affairs to Sweden’s first two ombudsmen against ethnic discrimination. He is now Professor of Cultural Anthropology at Uppsala University, Sweden. He has led and been engaged in a number of interdis- ciplinary and international research projects. Currently he is principal investigator for the American NSF funded IPY project Dynamics of Circumpolar Land Use and Ethnicity (CLUE):