Inuit Social and Historical Context Allison Crawford, MD, FRCPC Map of circumpolar peoples Source: https://www.itk.ca/publication Cultural Origins – Migration Map Source: https://www.itk.ca/publication ! ! Virtual Museum: http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/ Arctic People in Canada edu/ViewLoitCollection.do?! method=preview&lang=EN&id=10028 ! Map of Inuit Nunangat Source: Map of Nunavut Source: Knud Rassmussen Early 1900s Umiaks 1875, C. Rassmussen Inuit Oral History “Southerners don’t want to understand Inuit ways. They’re ignorant about our culture, don’t consider our opinion and treat us like we know nothing. Inuit culture is oral and we keep knowledge in our minds. Even without text, our culture is full of wisdom” Rita Nashook, Iqaluit quoted in Keavy Martin Richard Harrington, 1949 /Library and Archives Canada/PA-140582 Inuit Oral History "I have been asked by many people about how long the Inuit have lived in our lands. I tell them that I don’t have to know the answer to that question because we have been here from the beginning. That is what our stories are all about, and it is how we were taught to understand our world." " T.Q. Kanaksuk, April, 1979 http://www.museevirtuel-virtualmuseum.ca/edu/ Nunavut Qajanartuk. Kenojuak Ashevak, 1992! Contact and Colonization! 1500s !CONTACT European explorers! 1700s !Whaling" !!" 1800s !COLONIZATION with establishment !!of permanent whaling stations! 1850 !Decline of whaling! Late ! !Missionaries! 1800s !Fur trapping economy established! 1909! !Hudson Bay Trading Co expands !!posts into Arctic " This 1715 map is highly suggestive of European attitudes towards the polar regions. It is completely surrounded by scenes from the Arctic whaling industry, a reminder of the fortunes to be made in this inhospitable land (Library and Archives Canada, NMC 21059)! Contact and Colonization! early! 1900s !RCMP established posts" 1950s !Settlement! !!Social Welfare credit! !!Education, including residential ! !!school" 1953! !Government-sponsored relocation !!to Grise Fiord in High Arctic! 1955! !Relocation to Resolute Bay! !!Medical treatment in southern ! !!facilities (TB)! 1951, Craig Harbour, NWT [Nunavut]. Source: Library and Archives Canada, Wilfred Doucette, National Film Board of Canada, PA-176633! Mobility and Settlement! Thomas Kublu! Source: http://www.qtcommission.com! Relocation! Emily Takatak! Source: http://www.qtcommission.com! Schooling! July Papatsie! Source: http://www.qtcommission.com! Children in school in Iqaluit (then Frobisher Bay), summer 1959! Inuit Power Curve! Source: Nunavut Sivuniksavut ! Nunavut: Land Claims Process and Self Government! 1960s !Inuit and Eskimo Association " 1971 !Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (“Inuit will be united in Canada”) founded by Tagak ! ! !!Curley " 1976 !Inuit present the Nunavut proposal to federal government " 1982 !NWT referendum supports creation of Nunavut" 1993 !Canadian parliament passes the " !!Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act " !! and Nunavut Act" !!Establishment of Nunavut Tunngavik Inc (NTI) " !! to ensure land claims agreement is upheld" 1999 !April 1, territory of Nunavut " !! joins the federation of Canada ! Nunavut Coat of Arms! Medical System! Inuit woman looking past tupik and qarmat towards C.G.S. C.D.HOWE anchored in Pangnirtung Fiord, July 1951. Source: Library and Archives Canada, Wilfred Doucette, " National Film Board of Canada, Still Photography Division, PA-166461! Inuit board the C.G.S. C.D. Howe, Eastern Arctic patrol vessel for medical examination and eye check, July 1951. Source: Library and Archives Canada, Wilfred Doucette, National Film Board of Canada, Still Photography Division, PA-189646.! C.D. Howe! Thomas Kublu! Source: http://www.qtcommission.com! Inuit traveling south to the tuberculosis sanatorium in Hamilton, Ontario - note the identification envelopes Inuit were required to wear around their necks (This undated image was published in issue #70 of Inuktitut Magazine in 1989 with photo credit given to Public Archives Canada) Source: https://www.itk.ca! Mountain Sanatorium, Hamilton, ON! 1955, Local History and Archives, Hamilton Public Library.! Strange Ladies. 2006 Pitaloosie Saila, Cape Dorset! Current Health System! Social Determinants of Health! Current Health Indicators! Resources! Further Reading! Internet Resources!.