NAMIBIA WATER SECTOR SUPPORT PROGRAM (NWSSP): STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT (SESA) / ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT (SESA) REPORT DRAFT 1 OCTOBER 2019 GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK NAMIBIA: MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, WATER AND FORESTRY (MAWF) (AFDB) Project Scoping Report: Namibia Water Sector Support Program (NWSSP): Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) Report / Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... IV ACRONYMS ......................................................................................................................................... V DEFINITION OF TERMS ............................................................................................................... VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. VIII 1. CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 1.1. THE ROAD TO NAMIBIA WATER SECTOR SUPPORT PROGRAM (NWSSP) .............................................. 1 1.2. STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ..................................................................... 2 1.3. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH ...................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1. THE ASSESSMENT APPROACH OF THE STRATEGIC COMPONENT ....................................................... 3 1.3.2. ASSESMENT APPROACH OF THE ESMF ........................................................................................ 4 1.3.3. STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION ................................................................................................... 4 1.4. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT .......................................................................................................... 4 2. CHAPTER TWO: PROGRAM (NWSSP) DESCRIPTION .................................................................... 7 2.1. NWSSP GOAL ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.2. NWSSP COMPONENTS ................................................................................................................ 7 2.2.1. NWSSP IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................................................................... 8 2.3. LIST OF NWSSP PROJECTS ............................................................................................................ 8 2.4. PROJECT SITE, LAND USE , CONSTRUCTION AND INFRASTRUCTURE ...................................................... 9 2.5. BENEFITS OF THE NWSSP ........................................................................................................... 18 2.5.1. ECONOMIC BENEFITS ............................................................................................................. 18 2.5.2. SOCIAL BENEFITS ................................................................................................................... 18 3. CHAPTER THREE: LEGAL AND ADMINISTARTIVE FRAMEWORK, INSTITUTIONAL ANAYLSIS ...... 20 3.1. NAMIBIA’S LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK .................................................................... 20 3.2. AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (AFDB LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ............................................. 34 3.2.1. AFDB OPERATION SAFEGUARDS .............................................................................................. 34 3.2.2. AFDB SAFEGUARD POLICIES .................................................................................................... 36 3.3. APPLICABLE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND GUIDELINES .................................................... 38 3.3.1. THE EQUATOR PRINCIPLES ...................................................................................................... 38 3.3.2. STOCKHOLM DECLARATION ON THE HUMAN ENVIRONMENT, STOCKHOLM (1972) .......................... 38 3.3.3. UN CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF 1992 ................................................................ 38 3.3.4. INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE ............................................................. 38 3.3.5. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION ..................................................... 39 3.3.6. AFRICAN CONVENTION ON CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES.......................... 39 3.3.7. UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE IN 1995 ................................. 39 3.4. REGIONAL FRAMEWORKS ............................................................................................................ 39 3.4.1. PROTOCOL ON SHARED WATERCOURSES IN THE SADC ................................................................ 39 3.5. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS ......................................................................................... 40 3.5.1. MINISTRY AGRICULTURE, WATER AND FORESTRY ........................................................................ 40 3.5.2. NAMIBIA WATER CORPORATION LTD ........................................................................................ 40 3.5.3. CITY OF WINDHOEK ............................................................................................................... 40 4. CHAPTER FOUR: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE ...................................................... 41 4.1. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................... 41 4.2. LOCALITY .................................................................................................................................. 41 4.3. CLIMATE .................................................................................................................................. 41 4.3.1. TEMPERATURE ...................................................................................................................... 41 4.3.2. RAINFALL AND EVAPORATION .................................................................................................. 42 4.4. GEOLOGY ................................................................................................................................. 44 4.5. PEDOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 44 i SESA Draft 1 Report: Namibia Water Sector Support Program (NWSSP): Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) Report 4.6. HYDROGEOLOGY OF NAMIBIA ...................................................................................................... 46 4.6.1. GROUNDWATER (HYDROGEOLOGICAL) BASINS IN NAMIBIA .......................................................... 49 4.7. FLORA, FAUNA AND ENDEMISM ................................................................................................... 49 4.7.1. BIOMES AND VEGETATION TYPE IN NAMIBIA .............................................................................. 49 4.7.2. DESERT BIOME ...................................................................................................................... 50 4.7.3. KAROO BIOME ...................................................................................................................... 50 4.7.4. ACACIA SAVANNA BIOME ........................................................................................................ 50 4.7.5. BROAD-LEAFED SAVANNA / WOODLANDS BIOME ....................................................................... 51 4.7.6. WETLANDS BIOME ................................................................................................................. 51 4.7.7. COASTAL/MARINE BIOME ....................................................................................................... 51 4.7.8. FAUNA IN NAMIBIA ................................................................................................................ 52 4.7.9. MAMMALS ........................................................................................................................... 52 4.7.10. AVIFAUNA ............................................................................................................................ 52 4.7.11. FISH/MARINE RESOURCES ...................................................................................................... 53 4.7.12. ENDEMICS OF SPECIES IN NAMIBIA............................................................................................ 53 4.8. HYDROLOGY, WATER BASINS, WATER SUPPLY AND GOVERNANCE ..................................................... 54 4.8.1. ERONGO REGION ................................................................................................................... 54 4.8.2. HARDAP AND //KARAS REGION................................................................................................ 54 4.8.3. KAVANGO EAST AND KAVANGO WEST ...................................................................................... 55 4.8.4. KHOMAS REGION .................................................................................................................