Long Island Sound Waterborne Transportation Plan Task 2 – Baseline Data for Transportation Plan Development final memorandum prepared for New York Metropolitan Transportation Council Greater Bridgeport Regional Planning Agency South Western Regional Planning Agency prepared by Cambridge Systematics, Inc. with Eng-Wong Taub & Associates Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Gruzen Samton Architects, Planners & Int. Designers HydroQual Inc. M.G. McLaren, PC Management and Transportation Associates, Inc. STV, Inc. September 30, 2003 www.camsys.com final technical memorandum Long Island Sound Waterborne Transportation Plan Task 2 – Baseline Data for Transportation Plan Development prepared for New York Metropolitan Transportation Council Greater Bridgeport Regional Planning Agency South Western Regional Planning Agency prepared by Cambridge Systematics, Inc. 4445 Willard Avenue, Suite 300 Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815 with Eng-Wong Taub & Associates Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. Gruzen Samton Architects, Planners & Int. Designers HydroQual Inc. M.G. McLaren, PC Management and Transportation Associates, Inc. STV, Inc. September 30, 2003 Long Island Sound Waterborne Transportation Plan Technical Memorandum for Task 2 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction.................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Purpose and Need.................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 The National Policy Imperative ........................................................................... 1-3 1.3 Scope and Schedule ............................................................................................... 1-4 1.4 About This Report.................................................................................................. 1-6 2.0 The Role of Waterborne Transportation in Long Island Sound and the Region ............................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Worldwide Ferry Operations ............................................................................... 2-1 2.2 History of Ferries on Long Island Sound............................................................ 2-16 2.3 Current Ferry Operations on Long Island Sound.............................................. 2-23 2.4 Current Freight Barges and Vessels on Long Island Sound............................. 2-27 2.5 Importance of Waterborne Transportation ........................................................ 2-28 3.0 Passenger and Freight Transportation Markets....................................................... 3-1 3.1 Overview of Methodology.................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Passenger Movement............................................................................................. 3-2 3.3 Goods Movement................................................................................................... 3-13 3.4 Summary ................................................................................................................. 3-27 4.0 Potential Opportunities for Waterborne Transportation in Long Island Sound........................................................................................................ 4-1 4.1 Previous Studies and Proposals........................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Short-Sea Shipping Opportunities....................................................................... 4-3 4.3 Results of Community Planning Workshops..................................................... 4-17 4.4 Potential Sites and Services................................................................................... 4-30 5.0 Inventory of Vessel Types, Marine Resources, and Landside Accessibility ..... 5-1 5.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.2 Passenger and Freight Ferry Types and Technologies for Consideration in Long Island Sound................................................................... 5-1 5.3 Marine Conditions Inventory............................................................................... 5-19 5.4 Highway Access Conditions Inventory .............................................................. 5-30 5.5 Transit Access Conditions Inventory .................................................................. 5-40 5.6 Conclusion............................................................................................................... 5-45 6.0 Demand Modeling and Screening of Alternatives ................................................. 6-1 6.1 Passenger Demand Modeling .............................................................................. 6-1 6.2 Freight Demand Modeling ................................................................................... 6-2 6.3 Screening of Alternatives ...................................................................................... 6-3 Cambridge Systematics, Inc. i 7151.021 Long Island Sound Waterborne Transportation Plan Technical Memorandum for Task 2 Table of Contents (continued) Appendix A Summaries of Community Planning Workshops ................................. A-1 Southhold CPW Stamford CPW 1 New Rochelle CPW Lower Manhattan CPW New London CPW New Haven CPW Glen Cove CPW Stony Brook CPW Shoreham CPW Stamford CPW 2 Hunts Point CPW Appendix B Passenger Surveys and Mode Choice Models ....................................... B-1 Appendix C Freight Surveys and Mode Choice Models ............................................ C-1 Appendix D Reference Sources and Relevant Studies................................................ D-1 ii Cambridge Systematics, Inc. 7151.021 Long Island Sound Waterborne Transportation Plan Technical Memorandum for Task 2 List of Tables 2.1 2001 World Ferry Industry Totals ................................................................................ 2-2 2.2 Domestic Ferry Volumes (Internal Markets) .............................................................. 2-3 2.3 International Ferry Volumes, Passengers ................................................................... 2-6 2.4 International Ferry Volumes, Freight .......................................................................... 2-7 2.5 Leading Ferry Origin-Destination Volumes (International and Domestic Markets) ........................................................................ 2-9 2.6 North American Passenger Ferry Volumes (U.S. and Canada Markets of More Than One Million Annual Passengers)......................................... 2-13 2.7 North American Freight Ferry Volumes for Leading U.S. and Canadian Passenger Markets........................................................................................ 2-14 2.8 Ferry Services in Long Island Sound ........................................................................... 2-25 3.1 Top 25 Daily Passenger Car Trips by County ............................................................ 3-6 4.1 Proposed PIDN Inland Distribution Volumes ........................................................... 4-2 4.2 U.S. Fuel-Taxed Inland Waterway System ................................................................. 4-4 5.1 The Cross Sound Ferry Fleet......................................................................................... 5-3 5.2 Conventional Passenger Vessels in New York Harbor............................................. 5-4 5.3 Representative Ferry Characteristics by Type............................................................ 5-16 5.4 Marine Conditions Inventory ....................................................................................... 5-20 5.5 Regional Access Inventory, Key Criteria ................................................................... 5-30 5.6 Regional Access Inventory............................................................................................ 5-31 5.7 Local Access Inventory, Key Criteria........................................................................... 5-33 5.8 Local Access Inventory .................................................................................................. 5-34 6.1 Four-Step Transportation Planning Process Applied to Freight ............................. 6-2 Cambridge Systematics, Inc. iii Long Island Sound Waterborne Transportation Plan Technical Memorandum for Task 2 List of Figures 2.1 Regional Ferry Routes.................................................................................................... 2-24 2.2 Passenger Ferry Services in New York Harbor.......................................................... 2-26 2.3 Port Commerce Around Long Island Sound, Year 2000........................................... 2-27 3.1 LISWTP Data Analysis Subregions.............................................................................. 3-2 3.2 Year 2000 Population by County.................................................................................. 3-3 3.3 Year 2000 Employment by County .............................................................................. 3-4 3.4 Daily Passenger Car Trips Within and Between Subregions ................................... 3-5 3.5 National Roadway Segments with More Than 100,000 Vehicle Trips per Day..... 3-7 3.6 National Roadway Segments Approaching or Exceeding Capacity....................... 3-7 3.7 Commuter and Intercity Rail Passenger