ADVANCE UNEDITED VERSION UNITED NATIONS E/CONF.103/14 ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL Tenth United Nations Regional Cartographic Conference for the Americas New York, 19-23, August 2013 Item 5 of the provisional agenda * Report of the Permanent Committee for Geospatial Data Infrastructure of the Americas Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the Americas ** _________________ * E/CONF.103/1 ** Prepared by Working Group on Planning (GTplan) Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the Americas PERMANENT COMMITTEE FOR GEOSPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE AMERICAS (PC-IDEA) 2009 – 2013 President Luiz Paulo Souto Fortes Executive Secretary Valéria Oliveira Henrique de Araújo Member Countries Argentina Guatemala Belize Guyana Bolívia Honduras Brasil Jamaica Canadá México Chile Nicaragua Colômbia Panamá Costa Rica Paraguay Cuba Peru Ecuador República Dominicana El Salvador Uruguay Estados Unidos Venezuela PC-IDEA SDI Manual for the Americas – Version 1 i TABLE OF CONTENTS Permanent Committee for Geospatial Data Infrastructure of the Americas (PC-IDEA) Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Manual for the Americas Rio de Janeiro 2013 PC-IDEA SDI Manual for the Americas – Version 1 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS GeoConnections (www.GeoConnections.NRCan.gc.ca), Natural Resources Canada, led the research and development of the SDI Manual for the Americas to address the needs of the United Nations Permanent Committee for Spatial Data Infrastructure of the Americas member nations. The Manual is part of Canada‟s contribution to the 2009 – 2013 work plan of PC-IDEA. The SDI Manual for the Americas was completed thanks to the contributions of the individuals who provided expertise, content, direction, comments and critiques. In 2011, PC-IDEA conducted a survey that found that there is a lack of documentation and dissemination of best practices in the region and that PC-IDEA must promote this activity and find efficient mechanisms for disseminating best practices. Solutions to the language barriers also need to be provided. The study also concluded that nations needed guidelines for monitoring social and economic impacts and benefits of SDI initiatives. The Manual incorporates and references existing guides, best practices and case studies and highlights examples from PC-IDEA member nations and elsewhere and new content was also developed where required. GeoConnections would like to particularly acknowledge the contributions made by Hickling Arthurs and Low Corporation - Ed Kennedy, Tatiana Delgado and Betty Anne Benes for providing research, writing and editing of the Manual, as well as Garfield Giff and Joep Crompvoets for the special chapter to support monitoring and measuring the impacts of SDI. The staff at GeoConnections who provided management, input and direction for the project were Paula McLeod, Rhian Evans, Simon Riopel and Jean Brodeur, in addition Mélodie Bujold, Adam Balogh, Jenna Findlay and Kyra St. Pierre provided assistance in compiling the Manual. GeoConnections; Hickling Arthurs Low Corporation; Giff, G. , 2013 ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2013 PC-IDEA SDI Manual for the Americas – Version 1 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents 1. Introduction to the Manual .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Project Sponsors – PC-IDEA .................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Development Process ................................................................................................ 2 1.1.3 Why Another SDI Manual? ...................................................................................... 2 1.1.4 Objectives ................................................................................................................. 2 1.2 The SDI Concept .............................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 A Brief History ......................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 SDI Definition and Components ............................................................................... 3 1.3 How to Use the Manual .................................................................................................... 6 1.4 Manual Overview ............................................................................................................. 7 2. SDI Users and their Needs .................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Identifying Users .............................................................................................................. 9 2.2 Identifying User Needs................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 User-Needs Assessment Methodologies ................................................................. 10 2.2.2 User-Needs Assessment Experiences ..................................................................... 14 2.2.3 Changing User Needs ............................................................................................. 15 2.3 Chapter Highlights ......................................................................................................... 15 3. SDI Economics ..................................................................................................................... 16 3.1 SDI Financing ................................................................................................................ 16 3.1.1 Alternate Funding Models ...................................................................................... 16 3.1.2 Examples of SDI Financing Initiatives ................................................................... 18 3.1.3 Financing Requirements ......................................................................................... 19 3.2 Expenditure Justification ................................................................................................ 22 3.2.1 The Need ................................................................................................................. 22 3.2.2 Approaches and Variations ..................................................................................... 22 3.2.3 The Process ............................................................................................................. 24 3.2.4 Considerations......................................................................................................... 27 3.2.5 The Role of Government ........................................................................................ 28 3.2.6 An Example ............................................................................................................ 31 3.3 Chapter Highlights ......................................................................................................... 33 4. SDI Development Fundamentals ........................................................................................ 34 4.1 Institutional Arrangements ............................................................................................. 34 4.1.1 SDI Development Model ........................................................................................ 34 4.1.2 Building Partnerships .............................................................................................. 37 4.1.3 Authoritative Data Sources ..................................................................................... 38 4.2 Governance..................................................................................................................... 38 4.3 Organizational Structure ................................................................................................ 40 4.4 SDI Strategic Framework ............................................................................................... 41 4.4.1 Alignment with Government Priorities ................................................................... 41 4.4.2 Strategic Plan or Roadmap ...................................................................................... 42 4.4.3 Implementation Plans.............................................................................................. 42 4.5 Chapter Highlights ......................................................................................................... 44 PC-IDEA SDI Manual for the Americas – Version 1 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS 5. Framework Data .................................................................................................................. 45 5.1 Introduction to Framework Data .................................................................................... 45 5.2 Defining Framework Data Layers .................................................................................. 46 5.2.1 Framework Data Content Decisions ....................................................................... 46 5.2.2 Examples of Framework Data Layers in the Americas .......................................... 47 5.3 Creation and Maintenance Approaches.......................................................................... 47 5.4 Framework Data Models ................................................................................................ 48 5.5 Chapter Highlights ........................................................................................................