HIVM 612: ETHICAL ISSUES IN HIV & AIDS MANAGEMENT Masters Degree Program in HIV and AIDS Management Submitted 2013 Institute of Continuing and Distance Education University of Ghana COURSE READER with Supplement (appendices) Compiled & co-authored Helen Lauer Philosophy & Classics Department University of Ghana, Legon ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Units 2,3 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, contain information which would not be available in this educational forum without the authorship, the engaged consent and generous cooperation of Board members of the Scientific Group for the Reappraisal of the HIV-AIDS Hypothesis (Rethinking AIDS). All published materials, website contents, email correspondence appears here with the consent of the authors for this non-profit, educational, limited distribution use in accordance with Title 17 USC §107, detailing fair use limitations of exclusive copyrights. All materials available in the appendices of this course reader also appear under the same conditions and are available in the public domain, wherever possible websites are indicated in the footnotes. Other contributing authors whose consent has been conferred for use of this material for educational audiences of students enrolled in the University of Ghana under title 17 USC §107, detailing fair use limitations of exclusive copyrights: Agyeman Badu Akosa, “Treating Ghana’s Sick Health Service,” an unpublished manuscript read to the Ghana Academy of Arts and Sciences at the British Council in Accra, June 2011 on the occasion his inaugural lecture as a Fellow of GAAS. Abridged and adapted to this course reader, the material appears here with the consent of the author. Serge Lang consented to have a section of his book, “To fund or not to fund, that is the question: proposed experiments on the drug-AIDS hypothesis,” Challenges New York: Springer, pp. 657-677,” to be included in non-profit anthologies in Ghana compiled by this author, History and Philosophy of Science for African Undergraduates (2003) pp. 21-74 prior to his death. A reprint of this material was reprinted posthumously in the non-profit collection Reclaiming the Human Sciences and Humanities through African Perspectives (2012) eds. Helen Lauer and Kofi Anyidoho (Accra: Sub Saharan publishers) with the consent post-humously of his daughter, the family representative of his estate, and with the consent of his publisher at Springer, New York. Portions of this material appear in Unit 7 section 3 of this course reader. Merillee H. Salmon consented to abridgement and adaptation of excerpts from chapters 3 and 4 of the third edition of her widely distributed Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking is now in its fourth edition (Wadsworth, 2001). Initially comprising Chapter 21 in Volume II of History and Philosophy of Science for African Undergraduates (2003) edited by Helen Lauer (Ibadan: Hope Publishers), this material reappears in Unit 8 of this course reader. Eileen Stillwaggon consented to the compiler’s educational and non-profit distribution in Ghana of her “Racial Metaphors: Interpreting Sex and AIDS in Africa,” (2003) which originally appeared in the journal Development and Change vol. 34 no. 5, pp. 809-832. With the permission and generous support of the author, the journal’s editor and the publisher, Blackwell, Oxford, UK, this paper was reprinted in Reclaiming the Human Sciences and Humanities through African Perspectives (2012) Accra: Sub Saharan Press, eds. H. Lauer and K. Anyidoho, pp. 997-1016. Excerpts of this chapter were abridged and appear as sections 4-6 in Unit 7 of this course reader. 1 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS AGYEMAN BADU AKOSA is a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Arts and Science and a 2006 recipient of the Companion of the Order of the Volta for Services to Medicine and Public Service for the Republic of Ghana. He is a graduate of the University of Ghana Medical School, the University of London, and the Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration. He holds Fellowships of the Royal College of Pathologists (UK), West African College of Physicians, and the Ghana College of Physicians. He has an Executive Masters in Leadership and Governance. He is a former Director General of the Ghana Health Service in the Ministry of Health, Government of Ghana. He has been presidents of the Ghana Medical and Commonwealth Medical Associations, Prempeh College Old Students Association, Ghana Skin Foundation and is the current President of the Kwame Nkrumah Foundation. He so-authored the WHO Global report for 2011 on ‘Developing Synergies between Health Systems and Control of Infectious Diseases of Poverty’ under the title ‘Infectious Diseases of Poverty, the Role of Research. MARTIN K. BARNES received his MA in Community Development in 1976 from the University of California, Davis. He was a founder of the first certified farmers' market in California, and of Capay Organic, now one of the largest organic farms in California. After moving to France in 2004 he edited The AIDS Trap brochure, and serves as publicity chair for Rethinking AIDS HENRY H. BAUER earned his Ph.D. in 1956 from the University of Sydney. He was trained as an electrochemist and reported his research in numerous publications. He is emeritus professor of chemistry and science studies, and emeritus dean of the College of Arts and Sciences at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. After his retirement in 1999, he was editor-in-chief of the Journal of Scientific Exploration from 2000 to 2007. You can find details about his book The Origin, Persistence and Failings of HIV/AIDS Theory at http://failingsofhivaidstheory.homestead.com; the book collates and analyzes, for the first time, the results of more than two decades of HIV testing, revealing that common assumptions about HIV and AIDS are incompatible with the published data. Links to his other books are at http://hivskeptic.wordpress.com/books-by-bauer. His home page is http://henryhbauer.homestead.com. HARVEY BIALY is an American molecular biologist. He graduated from Bard College in 1966 and was awarded a Ph.D. in molecular biology in 1970 by the University of California, Berkeley. He joined the journal Nature Biotechnology (part of the Nature family of publications) as its scientific editor in 1984, and edited its peer-reviewed content from 1984– 1996. He was one of the signatories to a letter to the editor by the Group for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV-AIDS Hypothesis. He was also a member of the controversial and heavily criticized South African Presidential AIDS Advisory Panel convened by Thabo Mbeki in 2000. Bialy is the author of Oncogenes, Aneuploidy, and AIDS: A Scientific Life and Times of Peter H. Duesberg (2004). DAVID CROWE is a science critic and writer based in Calgary, Canada. He has an HBSc in Biology and Mathematics from Lakehead University, Thunderhead Bay 1978. He has written extensively on HIV/AIDS, failures of modern medicine, and telecommunications. He was one of the founders of the Green Party of Alberta. He is the current president of Rethinking AIDS (Scientific Group for the Re-evaluation of the HIV/AIDS hypothesis) and founding president of the Alberta Reappraising AIDS Society. He was responsible for the online version of this document. REBECCA CULSHAW is on the mathematics faculty of the University of Texas at Tyler. She received her PhD from Dalhousie University in 2002. She has published several journal 2 articles regarding the mathematical modelling of HIV immunology and serves on the advisory board of Journal of Biological Systems. She is author of the influential book, Science Sold Out: Doe HIV really cause AIDS? (2007). FELIX DE FRIES is a professional organisation development coach based in Zurich and a founding activist of the Swiss gay rights movement, having set up Zurich’s gay community center in 1982. He was the chief organiser of the first conference in 1989 for holistic AIDS therapy in Olten, Switzerland with Prof. Alfred Hässig, Prof. Hans Cottier, Prof. Jürg Hodler and Dr. Rudolf Stampfli; he has been consulting, compiling, editing and preparing lectures on alternative AIDS therapies and in collaboration with local activists in Munich, London, Essen and Zürich ever since. In collaboration with Prof. Alfred Hässig, Immunologist, and MD Heinrich Kremer, (both Members of the Study Group Nutrition and Immunity, in Berne, he is editor of Heinrich Kremer’s “The Silent Revolution in Cancer and AIDS-Medicine” which appears as Appendix I of Unit 11. Along with other documents he disseminates AIDS therapy material at http://www.ummafrapp.de. ETIENNE DE HARVEN obtained his M.D. degree in 1953 from the Université Libre de Bruxelles, (where he later became "Professeur Agrégé" in Pathology). He specialized in electron microscopy at the "Institut du Cancer" in Paris. In 1956, he joined Charlotte Friend's team at the Sloan Kettering Institute in New York, the largest cancer research center in the United States, where he was in charge of electron microscopy research. It was there that he produced the world's first description of a retrovirus budding on the surface of infected cells. He served as President of the Electron Microscopy Society of America in 1976. In 1981, he was appointed Professor of pathology and director of the electron microscopy laboratory at the University of Toronto, Canada, where he researched the marking of antigens on the surface of lymphocytes. He recently retired from his post as the founding president of Rethinking Aids (2005-2008), the international Group for the Scientific Reappraisal of the HIV-AIDS hypothesis, comprising over 2600 scientists and other re-thinkers who refute the viral origin of AIDS. He recently published Ten Lies About AIDS, available at http://books.trafford.com/07-2938. PETER H. DUESBERG is a professor of Molecular and Cell Biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He isolated the first cancer gene through his work on retroviruses in 1970, and mapped the genetic structure of these viruses.