Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 48 | Issue 1 Article 9 1957 Abstracts and Notes Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Abstracts and Notes, 48 J. Crim. L. Criminology & Police Sci. 71 (1957-1958) This Note is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. ABSTRACTS AND NOTES The Transported Canadian Patriotes- to New South Wales. After the British Ca- (From J. V. Barry, Chief justice of the Supreme nadians were landed in Hobart, H.M.S. 'Buf- Court, Melbourne, Australia.) falo", carrying the 58 patriotes, proceeded to In my "Alexander Maconochie" which was Sydney. Dr. Polding was then the Roman published in this JOURNAL, in July-August, Catholic Bishop of Sydney, and according to 1956, 1 wrote, at p. 151, that Norfolk Island was Dr. George Mackanness, "it is highly probable called "im eijer sur terre" by "one of the, Ca- that Dr. Polding's influence prevented the nadian political prisoners of 1838, whose un- Governor, Sir George Gipps, from sending all happy fate it was to be transported there". of them to Norfolk Island, that 'enfer sur terre' I was mistaken in the latter statement; none as Prieur describes it." of the Canadian patrioles was sent to Norfolk Two of the patriotes died soon after arriving Island. A brief account of their fate may there- in New South Wales. The surviving 56 were fore be called for. granted pardons, and 55 returned to Canada. Towards the end of 1837 there was a rebellion Only one, Joseph Marceau, remained in New among the French Canadians in Lower Canada. South Wales, where he married and begat ten The leader was Papineau, Speaker of the As- children. sembly of Lower Canada for more than 20 Nine of the patriotes wrote narratives of their years. When the British put down the rebellion experiences and sufferings, but copies of these he fled to U. S. A. In the same year there was publications are very rare. Francois Xavier an unsuccessful armed revolt in Upper Canada Prieur's book was called Notes d'un Condainne led by William Lyon Mackenzie. It was the Politique de 1838, and was published at Mon- former Lieutenant-Governor of Van Diemen's treal in 1864. In 1944 Dr. George Mackanness, Land, Sir George Arthur, who, as the newly of Sydney, published a translation of Prieur's appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Can- book in a limited edition for private circulation, ada, restored order after Mackenzie's rebellion. and also, in similar form, the narrative of Lord Durham took up his duties as Governor another of the prisoners, Leon (Loandre) General of Canada in May, 1838, and adopted Ducharme, Journal d'im Exile Polilique aux a policy of leniency towards - the political Terres Australes, in 1949. prisoners who crowded the gaols, but his policy REFERENCES came under censure in England, and he re- signed. Soon after his resignation another rebel- M. I. C. LEvY: GovERNOR GEORGE ARTHUR, A COLONIAL BE.'vorENr DESPOT (Melbourne, lion broke out in Lower Province, but it col- 1953), Chap. 23. lapsed within a week. Nearly one hundred RosAMoND AND FLORENCE DAVENPORT HILL: A political prisoners were brought to trial. MEMOm OP MATTH w DAVENPORT HILL (Lon- Twelve of them were executed and fifty-eight don, 1878) p. 145 ff. were sentenced to transportation to New South GEORGE MAcKANNss: BLUE BLOODS OP BOTANY Wales. These, with eighty-three British Ca- BAY (Sydney, 1953), Chap. 15. nadian rebels from Mackenzie's abortive rising J. A. FERGUSON: BIBLIOGPAPHY OP AUSTRALIA, were sent to Australia in 1839. When some of Vol. 3, 1839-1845, pp 16 and 477. the prisoners from Upper Canada reached England on their way to Australia, Matthew Crime and the Business Cycle in Iowa. Davenport Hill unsuccessfully sought their 1864-1899, (Abstract by the author, Professor release by writ of habeas corpus. Walter A. Lunden, Iowa State College (from The British Canadians were sent to Van THE IowA SHERUF, Vol X, 28, No. 11, Novem- Dieman's Land, and the French Canadians ber, 1956.) ABSTRACTS AND NOTES [Vol. 48 The four decades from the close of the Civil Correlation Coefficient between the two sets of War to the end of the 19th century were im- figures is -. 40 or an inverse relationship. portant years in the social life of the state of In spite of the fact that a clear case cannot be Iowa. The Vigilantee Committees which had made for the direct relationship between eco- been organized early as a means of establishing nomic conditions and the volume of crime in a law and order on the frontier gradually gave state, it is quite clear that there is a close way to properly elected judges and a regular inverse relation between the volume of pro- system of police. Between 1846 and 1860 duction and the number of cases in court. Vigilantee Committees in various parts of the During the years after the Civil War and the state executed 70 persons by hanging. From first Post-War Depression, the number of 1860 to 1870, sixty persons were lynched by criminal cases in the 35 counties reached a high mob-violence in the several settlements in point of 948 in 1866. By 1869 after the financial Iowa. However, by 1880, frontier justice (hang recovery and the post-war adjustment, court 'er to the nearest tree) disappeared and regular cases decreased to 321 or about one-third the criminal procedures had been established in number in 1866. As the state began to feel the the courts in the state. The decade from 1860 effects of the second Post-War Depression in to 1870 witnessed a rapid growth in population the mid-1870's, the number of cases in court in Iowa from 674,913 to 1,194,020 persons. In increased again reaching the high number of addition these were years of relatively cheap 910 in 1877, and remained above the average for land when a 160-acre farm could be purchased the six years of the depression. In 1880, after for $200 or at S1.25 an acre. the return to normal production in industry, As law and order became established in Iowa, criminal litigation declined to 556 cases. With the citizens, through the legislature, created the depression of 1884, criminal cases once more a judicial system in one county after another advanced to 804 in 1886, the year after the as they became settled. As these arose in each bottom of the recession. With the improvement county, the clerks in each court reported the of the financial conditions in 1888 court cases number of criminal cases to the Secretary of dropped again to 399 cases. When the Panic of State. Information is available from these 1893 and the Silver Campaign Depression annual reports for 35 counties (most of which spread across the nation, criminal cases in- were in the southeastern part of the state) of creased once more to 695 in 1895 and then de- the number of criminal cases from 1864 to 1899. creased later with the rise of the economic Toward the end of the period other counties index. In 1899 when the production index rose reported, but these 35 have been selected to 104.5 the number of court cases decreased to because they gave reports consistently each 590 slightly below the average. year. In the 36 years, the 35 counties reported a In examining the two factors of criminal liti- total of 22,116 criminal cases in court, or an gation and industrial, production it should be average of 614 each year. The number of made clear that they are not exact indicators, convictions fluctuated year by year during the but they do reveal an elementary relationship period with a tendency to show less variation between economic conditions and the amount toward the end of the time span. of crime in a state. In order to determine what may have in- fluenced the criminal case-load in court during the four decades the number of cases has been Milwaukee County Adopts Social Work compared to the Index of Industrial Produc- Student Trainee Program-On January 17, the tion for the same years. When the Index runs Milwaukee County Board of Supervisors high, above 100, the number of criminal cases adopted a student trainee program for social in court is low and when the Production Index work. The program provides for 18 student falls below 100 to the level of a "Depression" trainee positions in the social service of eight the number of cases in court is high. The county institutions and departments, providing ABSTRACTS AND NOTEKS for training in juvenile and adult probation, 2. Six weeks of orientation and practical ex- family, medical and psychiatric social work. perience in the offices of sociologists in First year students will be paid S180.00 per state penitentiaries: month, second year students $190.00 per Diagnostic Depot, Joliet. Three weeks. month for a 20-hour week. The employment Classification and counseling of inmates. will constitute the field work requirement of the Sociologist-Actuary Office, Joliet. One week. School of Social Work. Eligibility for this Preparation and application of parole program requires enrollment as a full-time prediction tables and case study prognosis graduate student in the School of Social Work.